Biocontrol of Lepidopteran Pests

Agroecosystems are constantly challenged by various biotic and abiotic stresses, e.g., insect pests, plant pathogens, drought, and salinity, that pose significant challenges to yield. Herbivorous insects are said to be responsible for destroying one fifth of the world’s total and crop production annually, and billions of dollars are spent annually on insect control in agriculture. Herbivory by lepidopteran pests adversely impacts agricultural productivity, and effective management of these pests is done mostly through the application of chemical insecticides and the use of Bacillus thuringiensis-derived toxins, which provide excellent control of some Lepidoptera. However, due to the selection pressure imposed by high dose of Bt protein in transgenic crops and widespread adoption of the Bt crops to manage certain Lepidoptera, there are concerns about the sustainability of the technology as reports of insect resistance have been recorded in laboratory-reared and field populations of insect pests. This provides an impetus for increasing the crop protection arsenal by developing additional biologically based strategies that can provide adequate protection against pests controlled by Bt, as well as pests that cannot be managed by Bt. Here, we provide an overview of insect virulence factors derived from gram-negative insect-pathogenic soil bacteria and review some developments in the discovery of novel entomotoxic proteins that can be deployed for engineering resistance to lepidopteran pests.

Non-Bt Soil Microbe-Derived Insecticidal Proteins

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Non-Bt Soil Microbe-Derived Insecticidal Proteins