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Using Multivariate Statistics

Behavioral Public Administration ad fontes: A Synthesis of Research on Bounded Rationality, Cognitive Biases, and Nudging in Public Organizations

The question of what is “good” or “poor” performance is difficult to answer without applying a reference point–a standard for comparison. Citizens’ evaluation of performance information will therefore tend to be guided by reference points. We test how reference points alter citizens’ evaluation of organizational performance. Specifically, drawing on Herbert Simon, we test how citizens use historical (internal) and social (external) reference points when making relative comparisons: How important is performance relative to past performance? And how important is performance relative to the performance of other organizations? Two experiments are embedded within a large nationally representative sample of citizens (n=3443). The experiments assign historical and social reference points for performance data on education and unemployment to citizens. We find that citizens’ performance evaluation is fundamentally a relative process. Interestingly, we show that social reference points are almost twice as important to citizens’ evaluations as historical reference points. We find mixed evidence of a negativity bias in citizens’ relative evaluations. The strong social reference point effects have implications for studying citizens’ response to performance and how managers can frame and manipulate external performance data.

/pdf/compared-to-what-how-social-and-historical-reference-points-1eh716eqsb.pdf

Compared to What? How Social and Historical Reference Points Affect Citizens’ Performance Evaluations

/pdf/how-do-politicians-attribute-bureaucratic-responsibility-for-4dteynok7v.pdf

How Do Politicians Attribute Bureaucratic Responsibility for Performance? Negativity Bias and Interest Group Advocacy

Prospect Theory Goes Public: Experimental Evidence on Cognitive Biases in Public Policy and Management Decisions

Relative Performance Information and Perceptions of Public Service Quality: Evidence From American School Districts

Charter schools increasingly challenge both district and private schools for student enrollments in the United States. With more parents able to choose among the sectors, the success of eac...

Do Charters Pose a Threat to Private Schools? Evidence from Nationally Representative Surveys of U.S. Parents.

The 2017 Ednext Poll on School Reform: Public Thinking on School Choice, Common Core, Higher Ed, and More

Ten-Year Trends in Public Opinion from the "EDNEXT" Poll.

/pdf/performance-information-and-retrospective-voting-evidence-4se3eoaboc.pdf

Performance Information and Retrospective Voting: Evidence from a School Accountability Regime. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Paper Series. PEPG 15-03.

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