Flows of packets are dynamically mapped to resource queues. Flows of packets are received at a network device to be routed from the network device in a network. Each flow comprises packets to be sent from a source to a connection. Data is stored for a queue allocation table that maintains a plurality of buckets to which received packets for a flow are assigned and indicating which of a plurality of resource queues are allocated for respective buckets. For each packet in a flow, a hash function is computed from values in a header of the packet and the packet is assigned to one of the plurality of buckets based on the computed hash function. One of a plurality of resource queues is allocated for each bucket to which packets are assigned based on the computed hash function.

Dynamic load balancing without packet reordering

Bandwidth aggregation techniques in heterogeneous multi-homed devices

Heterogeneous Wireless Network (HWN) is the next generation wireless communication system's platform where Internet services will be offered and delivered through multiple technologies like WiFi, WiMAX, GSM etc. There are some Internet applications that require high bandwidth and therefore, the bandwidth of an individual interface need to be aggregated to form a high speedy logical link. In this regard, some critical issues like packet loss, packet reordering and delay need to be addressed efficiently. This paper aims to investigate the common scheduling algorithms both adaptive and non-adaptive solutions that have been using in networking and communication field. Packet reordering is common in heterogeneous wireless network that has been evaluated briefly in reorder metrics analysis and reorder delay analysis sections. The challenges of packet reordering are also addressed in this paper. This paper gives a state-of-the-art knowledge of bandwidth aggregation and packet reordering in HWN and it is expected that this investigation will be a milestone for further research.

An Investigation of Scheduling and Packet Reordering Algorithms for Bandwidth Aggregation in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Quality of service (QoS) provisioning, especially delay guarantee, is particularly important to the explosive growth of Internet applications Traditional QoS schemes include the per-flow integrated services (IntServ) and per-class differentiated services (DiffServ) as well as their variants To address the scalability problem of IntServ and the coarse QoS granularity of DiffServ, we proposed the per-packet differentiated queueing service Although the three schemes all aim to provide delay guarantee, the network resource in terms of bandwidth and buffer required by them will vary because of their distinct service disciplines Indeed, network resources are so precious especially in wireless networks, whereas QoS provisioning is so important that it is necessary to investigate the resource consumption of these schemes to find better QoS solutions for different kinds of networks Therefore, QoS provisioning performance of the previous schemes should be modelled analytically To this end, this paper derives the delay bound violation probability for these QoS schemes with the self-similar and long-range dependent traffic model because this traffic model can well approximate the Internet traffic, especially delay-sensitive traffic The minimum bandwidth and the buffer size suitable for delay guarantee are further derived Numerical results show that differentiated queueing service consumes the least bandwidth resources and DiffServ can minimise the buffer size whereas IntServ can provide exactly QoS in per-flow granularity In this sense, there is a trade-off between QoS granularity and bandwidth as well as buffer requirements for QoS provisioning The analytical results are also studied through simulations Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

QoS provisioning performance of IntServ, DiffServ and DQS with multiclass self‐similar traffic

Bandwidth aggregation of heterogeneous wireless links faces numerous challenges in maximizing available connectivity services for mobile applications. One serious issue is the out-of-sequence arrival of packets at receiver that is amplified by distribution of packets of a flow over multiple paths. These packets experience asymmetric path characteristics that results in diverse congestion states for traffic flow. This paper presents an adaptive mechanism for estimation of path suitability for a specific type of flow on the basis of end-to-end path statistics of delay, packet drop and available bandwidth. The proposed mechanism is also supported by a stochastic model that estimates delay with lesser computational complexity. The results of proposed approach have been validated through simulation as well. The results have shown robust performance of proposed mechanism in achieving acceptable quality-of-service levels during mobility with minimized out-of-sequence reception and reduced buffer occupancy.

Adaptive Path Ranking Technique for Maximization of Gains of Bandwidth Aggregation over Heterogeneous Wireless Links

An increase in the popularity and usage of Multimode’s devices for ubiquitous network access creates thrust for utilization of simultaneous network connections. Unfortunately, the standard transport layer protocols used single homed congestion control mechanism for multipath transmission. One major challenge in such multipath transmission is related to the Receiver Buffer (RBuf) blocking that hinders higher aggregation ratio of multiple paths. This study proposed Simultaneous Multipath Transmission (SMT) scheme to avoid the RBuf blocking problem. Realistic simulation scenarios were designed such as intermediate nodes, cross traffic, scalability or mix of them to thoroughly analyses SMT performance. The results revealed that SMT has overcome RBuf blocking with improvement in aggregate throughput up to 95.3 % of the total bandwidth.

Inter-path OOS packets differentiation based congestion control for simultaneous multipath transmission.

The E2E delay constrained multi-path flows in heterogeneous wireless networks face major challenge of out-of-sequence (OOS) reception of packet due to asymmetric path characteristics. The larger spread of OOS reception generally leads to expensive buffer handling for in-order delivery of packets. The problem gets adverse during mobility, as the change in path due to change of point-of-attachment (PoA) cause unpredictable E2E delay. In this paper, the multi-server scheduling to minimize OOS reception has been investigated with the help of novel stochastic model that evolves tight upper-bounds for crucial metrics such as E2E delay distribution and accompanying OOS reception. The model provides useful formulae for the Quality-of-service (QoS) dimensioning during mobility. The paper evolved some approximate estimates of E2E delay variations and its impact on OOS reception of packets. The main application of the proposed model has been demonstrated through scheduling strategies that minimize E2E delay variation and OOS reception in multipath transport during mobility. The results of proposed model have proven the effectiveness in minimizing impact of asymmetric characteristics of heterogeneous networks.

Scalable service guarantees through stochastic modeling for bandwidth aggregation of multiple wireless links during mobility

The increased availability of communication resource through simultaneous use of multiple network interfaces of mobile and fixed devices has enabled higher bandwidth for streaming applications. The out-of-sequence arrival on such multipath transport configurations remains the major challenge to be overcome before the available potential is maximized. In this paper, we propose Modified Fast Retransmit (MFR) Scheme for the multi-homed stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) that minimizes the impact of possible out-of-sequence (OOS) arrival at the destination. The proposed scheme isolates local and global OOS arrivals and adapts fast retransmission strategy for global OOS arrival, in accordance to the end-to-end communication path characteristics. The essence of higher availability of bandwidth is also signified through the modified congestion control mechanism. The proposed scheme produces large boost in throughput of the streams transported through multiple paths, as compared to other schemes; such as Concurrent Multipath Transmission.

Throughput enhancement of simultaneous multipath communication using modified fast retransmit scheme

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Papers

Adaptive Path Ranking Technique for Maximization of Gains of Bandwidth Aggregation over Heterogeneous Wireless Links

Inter-path OOS packets differentiation based congestion control for simultaneous multipath transmission.

Scalable service guarantees through stochastic modeling for bandwidth aggregation of multiple wireless links during mobility

Throughput enhancement of simultaneous multipath communication using modified fast retransmit scheme