http://itchen.class.kmu.edu.tw/Vision/Slides/Reference/CV/SuzukiEtAl-CVIU2003-1-Labeling.pdf

Linear-time connected-component labeling based on sequential local operations

An overview of hierarchical data structures for representing images, such as the quadtree and octree, is presented. They are based on the principle of recursive decomposition. The emphasis is on the representation of data used in applications in computer graphics, computer-aided design, robotics, computer vision, and cartography. There is a greater emphasis on region data (i.e., 2-dimensional shapes) and to a lesser extent on point, line, and 3-dimensional data.

/pdf/an-overview-of-quadtrees-octrees-and-related-hierarchical-4rzph0222i.pdf

An Overview of Quadtrees, Octrees, and Related Hierarchical Data Structures

This paper presents an introduction to the field of three-dimensional medical imaging It presents medical imaging terms and concepts, summarizes the basic operations performed in three-dimensional medical imaging, and describes sample algorithms for accomplishing these operations. The paper contains a synopsis of the architectures and algorithms used in eight machines to render three-dimensional medical images, with particular emphasis paid to their distinctive contributions. It compares the performance of the machines along several dimensions, including image resolution, elapsed time to form an image, imaging algorithms used in the machine, and the degree of parallehsm used in the architecture. The paper concludes with general trends for future developments in this field and references on three-dimensional medical imaging.

https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=lcsmith_other

Three-dimensional medical imaging: algorithms and computer systems

The octree representation of three-dimensional objects based on the principle of recursive subdivision is a generalization of two-dimensional quadtrees. It has been studied for use in many application areas such as solid modeling, computer graphics, computer-aided design/manufacturing, computer vision, image processing, and robotics. Many algorithms related to octrees have been developed in these application areas. In this paper, we divide these algorithms into two categories, construction and manipulation of octrees, and give a detailed survey of them.

A survey of construction and manipulation of octrees

Modern numerical methods are capable to resolve fine structures in solutions of partial differential equations. Thereby they produce large amounts of data. The user wants to explore them interactively by applying visualization tools in order to understand the simulated physical process. Here we present a multiresolution approach for a large class of hierarchical and nested grids. It is based on a hierarchical traversal of mesh elements combined with an adaptive selection of the hierarchical depth. The adaptation depends on an error indicator which is closely related to the visual impression of the smoothness of isosurfaces or isolines, which are typically used to visualize data. Significant examples illustrate the applicability and efficiency on different types of meshes.

Hierarchical and adaptive visualization on nested grids

We present an algorithm for converting from the boundary representation of a solid to the corresponding octree model. The algorithm utilizes an efficient new connected components labeling technique...

Efficient octree conversion by connectivity labeling

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Efficient octree conversion by connectivity labeling