Understanding the mechanical properties of human teeth could enhance artificial tooth development, dental scientists in China conclude in a review of recent research. Artificial teeth are required to make incisions, lacerate and grind food like natural teeth, but the perfect material to make them remains undiscovered. This deficiency is partly because of gaps in current knowledge regarding the structural and mechanical properties of the two main dental tissues, enamel and dentin. After reviewing recent research into both tissues, Xue-Dong Zhou, Hai-Yang Yu and co-workers at Sichuan University, China, recommend further investigations — particularly at the microscopic level — into the elastic mechanics and fracture-resistant qualities of dental tissues. The team believes it is important also to investigate how these properties change as people age, and how the surrounding oral environment affects tooth strength and fracturing.

/pdf/review-of-research-on-the-mechanical-properties-of-the-human-4wlh96yxpa.pdf

Review of research on the mechanical properties of the human tooth

Physical properties of root cementum: Part 5. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of light and heavy orthodontic forces.

Physical properties of root cementum: Part 8. Volumetric analysis of root resorption craters after application of controlled intrusive light and heavy orthodontic forces: A microcomputed tomography scan study

The aim of this investigation was to compare root resorption in the same individual after application of continuous intrusive and extrusive forces. In nine patients (mean age 15.3 years), the maxillary first premolars were randomly intruded or extruded with a continuous force of 100 cN for eight weeks. Eleven maxillary first premolars from six randomly selected orthodontic patients served as controls. Root resorption was determined using scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative assessment of the percentage of resorbed area of the total root surface was performed on composite micrographs. The severity of root resorption was also assessed by visual scoring of the roots. Root resorption mainly occurred at the apical part of the roots in both experimental groups. A significant difference in root resorption was found between the intruded and the control teeth (P = .006) but not between the extruded and the control teeth. However, the mesial and distal root surfaces showed resorption on 5.78 +/- 3.86% of the root surface of the intruded teeth and 1.28 +/- 1.24% of the root surface of the extruded teeth, and this difference was significant (P = .004). In addition, a large individual variation was found. From this study, it can be concluded that intrusion of teeth causes about four times more root resorption than extrusion. Because the amount of root resorption due to intrusion or extrusion in the same patient is correlated, every clinician should be aware that the extrusion of teeth might also cause root resorption in susceptible patients.

/pdf/root-resorption-after-orthodontic-intrusion-and-extrusion-an-59n3ax4iof.pdf

Root resorption after orthodontic intrusion and extrusion: an intraindividual study.

Physical properties of root cementum: Part 10. Comparison of the effects of invisible removable thermoplastic appliances with light and heavy orthodontic forces on premolar cementum. A microcomputed-tomography study

Physical properties of root cementum: Part I. A new method for 3-dimensional evaluation.

Physical properties of root cementum: Part 2. Effect of different storage methods

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Physical properties of root cementum: Part I. A new method for 3-dimensional evaluation.

Physical properties of root cementum: Part 2. Effect of different storage methods