A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation, photonic crystal fiber

We review the recent progress of information theory in optical communications, and describe the current experimental results and associated advances in various individual technologies which increase the information capacity. We confirm the widely held belief that the reported capacities are approaching the fundamental limits imposed by signal-to-noise ratio and the distributed non-linearity of conventional optical fibres, resulting in the reduction in the growth rate of communication capacity. We also discuss the techniques which are promising to increase and/or approach the information capacity limit.

/pdf/approaching-the-non-linear-shannon-limit-1c8ubzq84k.pdf

Approaching the Non-Linear Shannon Limit

Over the past decade, the rogue wave debate has stimulated the comparison of predictions and observations among different branches of wave physics, particularly between hydrodynamics and optics, in situations where analogous dynamical behaviors can be identified, thanks to the use of common universal models. Although the scalar nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) has constantly played a central role for rogue wave investigations, moving beyond the standard NLSE model is relevant and needful for describing more general classes of physical systems and applications. In this direction, the coupled NLSEs are known to play a pivotal role for the understanding of the complex wave dynamics in hydrodynamics and optics. Benefiting from the advanced technology of high-speed telecommunication-grade components, and relying on a careful design of the nonlinear propagation of orthogonally polarized optical pump waves in a randomly birefringent telecom fiber, this work explores, both theoretically and experimentally, the rogue wave dynamics governed by such coupled NLSEs. We report, for the first time, the evidence of a group of three dark rogue waves, the so-called dark three-sister rogue waves, where experiments, numerics, and analytics show a very good consistency.

Observation of a group of dark rogue waves in a telecommunication optical fiber

In this paper, we report the first complete characterization of the self-similar generation of optical similaritons, using high dynamic range ultrashort pulse metrology to study the intermediate asymptotic evolution towards the parabolic pulse profile, and to optimize additional propagation in highly-nonlinear fiber and compression to the sub-100 fs regime in hollow-core bandgap-guiding photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Our similariton amplifier used normally dispersive (Dap-40 ps/nm-km) Er3+ fiber with a 140 mW 1480 nm pump and 80 pJ, 1.1 ps sech2 input pulses at 1550 nm

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/10486/33242/01568308.pdf

Intermediate Asymptotic Evolution andPhotonic BandgapFibreCompression ofOptical Similaritons around1550nm

A rogue wave formation mechanism is proposed within the framework of a coupled nonlinear Schrodinger (CNLS) system corresponding to the interaction of two waves propagating in oblique directions in deep water. A rogue condition is introduced that links the angle of interaction with the group velocities of these waves: different angles of interaction can result in a major enhancement of rogue events in both numbers and amplitude. For a range of interacting directions it is found that the CNLS system exhibits significantly more extreme wave amplitude events than its scalar counterpart. Furthermore, the rogue events of the coupled system are found to be well approximated by hyperbolic secant functions; they are vectorial soliton-type solutions of the CNLS system, typically not considered to be integrable. Overall, our results indicate that crossing states provide an important mechanism for the generation of rogue water wave events.

Interacting nonlinear wave envelopes and rogue wave formation in deep water

Nonlinear femtosecond pulse propagation in all-solid photonic bandgap fiber is investigated experimentally and numerically for both the photonic bandgap guiding in the central silica core and the total internal reflection in germanium doped inclusions.

/pdf/nonlinear-femtosecond-pulse-propagation-in-all-solid-1zutktvr0a.pdf

Nonlinear femtosecond pulse propagation in all-solid photonic bandgap fiber

In this work, we analyzed by means of numerical and laboratory experiments the resilience of 40 Gb/s amplitude shift keying modulation formats to transmission impairments in standard single-mode fiber lines as well as to optical filtering introduced by the optical add/drop multiplexer cascade. Our study is a pre-requisite to assess the implementation of cost-effective 40 Gb/s modulation technology in next generation high bit-rate robust optical transport networks.

/pdf/robustness-of-40-gb-s-ask-modulation-formats-in-the-2h59ryfwbw.pdf

Robustness of 40 Gb/s ASK modulation formats in the practical system infrastructure

Summary form only given. Extreme wave events, also referred to as freak or rogue waves, are mostly known as oceanic phenomena responsible for a large number of maritime disasters. These waves, which have height and steepness much greater than expected from the sea average state [1], have recently become a topic of intense research. Rogue waves appear both in deep ocean and in shallow water [2]. Research on rogue waves is in an emerging state [1,3]. These waves not only appear in oceans but also in the atmosphere, in optics, in plasmas, in superfluids, in Bose-Einstein condensates and also as capillary waves. The common features and differences among freak wave manifestations in their different contexts is a subject of intense discussion [2]. A formal mathematical description of a rogue wave is provided by the so-called Peregrine soliton [4]. This solitary wave is a solution of the 1 + 1 scalar Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLSE) with the property of being localized in both coordinates. Recent experiments have provided a path to generating Peregrine solitons in optical fibers with standard telecommunication equipment [5]. The further experimental observation of Peregrine solitons in a water tank [6] indicates that they can also describe rogue waves in oceans. However, in a variety of complex systems such as Bose-Einstein condensates, optical fibers, and financial systems, several amplitudes rather than a single one need to be considered. The resulting systems of coupled equations may thus describe extreme waves with higher accuracy than the scalar NLSE model. Approaches to rogue wave phenomena involving more than one wave amplitude are the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) model and the Vector Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations (VNLSE) or Manakov system. We will show our contribution to the Ield of rogue waves by presenting new multi-parametric vector soliton solutions of the Manakov system which extend the results we have recently reported in [7]. This family of solutions includes known vector Peregrine solutions, bright-dark-rogue solutions, accelerating boomeroninc structures, and vector unusual rogue dynamics (as an example, Fig. 1 shows the generation of one rogue wave out of a slowly moving boomeronic breather). Moreover, we discuss the experimental conditions for the observation of our vector, semirational rogue solitons considering i) the propagation of polarized picosecond pulses in randomly birefringent optical fibers and ii) incoherently coupled photorefractive spatial waves in strontium barium borate (SBN).

Rogue waves of the vector nonlinear Schrödinger equations

With their compact spectrum and high tolerance to residual chromatic dispersion, duobinary formats are attractive for the deployment of 40 Gb/s technology on 10 Gb/s WDM Long-Haul transmission infrastructures. Here, we compare the robustness of various duobinary formats when facing 40 Gb/s transmission impairments.

Performance Comparison of Duobinary Modulation Formats for 40 Gb/s Long-Haul WDM Transmissions

We analytically describe the attraction of parabolic pulses towards a self-similar state in weakly dispersive nonlinear fibers with linear gain.

Analytical dynamics of optical similaritons

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