On the nanobubbles interfacial properties and future applications in flotation

Carbon mineralization sequesters CO2 by reaction of alkaline earth metal bearing silicate and hydroxide minerals with CO2 to form stable carbonate minerals. Seifritz (1990) proposed harnessing this natural process as a method for sequestration of anthropogenic CO2. It was first studied in detail as an industrial process by Lackner et al. (1995), which is often referred to as “mineral carbonation.” Much of this early research aimed to capitalize on the globally abundant natural deposits of ultramafic and mafic rocks, which are rich in alkaline earth metals, in addition to the long-term stability of the resultant carbonate minerals (Lackner et al. 1995). More recently, other process routes have been investigated that rely on feedstocks other than naturally occurring minerals (e.g., industrial wastes) as a source of cations for carbonate precipitation. Therefore, we use the more general term “carbon mineralization” to refer to any process that sequesters CO2 as a solid carbonate phase. The main advantages of carbon mineralization as a CO2 storage method are that the reactions are thermodynamically favored, the carbonation processes can be readily controlled and manipulated, and the resulting product is benign and stable over geological time.

We begin this review with an overview of the fundamental processes that are relevant to carbon mineralization, which provides a basic framework in which to understand CO2 sequestration strategies based on carbon mineralization. We next discuss natural analogues to engineered systems, focusing on (1) exhumed hydrothermal systems in peridotite that have formed listvenite (magnesite + quartz) and soapstone and (2) shallow subsurface peridotite weathering processes and related alkaline springs that form carbonate veins, surficial travertine deposits, and hydromagnesite–magnesite playas. The propensity to form carbonate minerals in these ultramafic terranes reflects the thermodynamic instability of Mg-silicate minerals in the presence of CO2. …

Carbon Mineralization: From Natural Analogues to Engineered Systems

Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles have received increased attention for their application in spatial and temporal resolution of diagnostic techniques and therapies, particularly in multiple imaging methods, and they thus have significant potential for applications in the field of biomedicine. This review presents an overview of the recent advances in the development of stimuli-responsive nanobubbles and their novel applications. Properties of both internal- and external-stimuli responsive nanobubbles are highlighted and discussed considering the potential features required for biomedical applications. Furthermore, the methods used for synthesis and characterization of nanobubbles are outlined. Finally, novel biomedical applications are proposed alongside the advantages and shortcomings inherent to stimuli-responsive nanobubbles.

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Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles for biomedical applications

Mechanical activation of magnesium silicates for mineral carbonation, a review

Recently, integrated mineral carbonation for CO2 sequestration has received significant attention due to the high potential for commercialization towards mitigating climate change. This review compiles the work conducted by various researchers over the last few years on integrated mineral carbonation processes in the mining industry, which use ultramafic mine wastes as feedstock for mineral carbonation. Here, we introduce the basic concepts of mineral carbonation including a brief description of the process routes and pre-treatment techniques. We discuss the scope of integrated mineral carbonation process application, and critically review the integrated mineral carbonation process in the mining industry including modified passive carbonation techniques in tailing storage facilities, and ex-situ carbonation routes using fresh tailings. The focus of the discussions is the role of reaction condition on the carbonation efficiency of mine waste with various mineralogical compositions, and the benefits and drawbacks of each integrated mineral carbonation process. All discussions lead to suggestions for the technological improvement of integrated mineral carbonation. Finally, we review the techno-economic assessments on existing integrated mineral carbonation technologies. Research to date indicates that value-added by-products will play an important role in the commercialization of an integrated mineral carbonation process.

Integrated Mineral Carbonation of Ultramafic Mine Deposits—A Review

An apparatus has been developed to characterize bubble charge by measuring the swarm potential of gas bubbles. The technique allows in-process measurement of all system variables associated with bubble surface electrical charge: swarm potential, solution conductivity, gas holdup, pH and bubble size distribution. The method was validated by comparing with literature iso-electric point (iep) values. Bubble swarm potential was measured as a function of concentration and pH for a series of non-ionic surfactant frothers, ionic surfactant collectors and multivalent metal ions. Results showed good agreement with established theory and prior experimental findings. The setup is a step towards measurement of charge on flotation size range of bubble swarms.

/pdf/an-apparatus-to-measure-electrical-charge-of-bubble-swarms-etg84ppy8t.pdf

An apparatus to measure electrical charge of bubble swarms

/pdf/a-surface-charge-characterization-device-using-sedimentation-4w4ptxlv57.pdf

A surface charge characterization device using sedimentation potential for single and mixed particle systems

Effect of aggregate size on the residual strength of rapidly and normally cooled concrete after fire exposure

An integrated device has been developed to measure sedimentation potential, conductivity and pH simultaneously of particulate systems. Maxwell’s model was used to calculate volume fraction of solid from the conductivity data. In this approach, all system variables are known and zeta potential can be calculated from Smoluchowski’s equation. The technique is validated by comparing zeta potential vs. pH for alumina and silica suspensions with electrophoresis measurements. The technique was extended to mixed alumina/silica systems. Sufficient column height along with size difference between the two minerals allowed gravity fractionation during settling. Sedimentation potential measured over time identified the transition from one mineral to the next. Using XRD analysis the results supported the correlation between surface charge and sample composition. This is a step towards characterizing surface charge of mixed systems of interest in mineral processing.

/pdf/surface-characterization-of-single-and-mixed-mineral-systems-4ppsdwp9i5.pdf

Surface characterization of single and mixed mineral systems using sedimentation potential

Effect of particles on the electrical charge of gas bubbles in flotation

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