Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds, ubiquitous in the air and water of urban environments, and have been shown to accumulate in coastal estuarine and marine sediments. Although previous studies have documented concentrations and loads of PAHs in urban runoff, little is known about the sources and temporal patterns of PAH loading from storm water. This study characterized the sources and temporal patterns of PAHs in urban storm water by analyzing PAH concentrations and loads from a range of homogeneous land use sites and in-river mass emission sites throughout the greater Los Angeles, California, USA, region. Samples were collected at 30- to 60-min intervals over the course of a storm during multiple storm events over a four-year period in order to investigate PAH sources and inter- and intrastorm patterns in loading. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon storm fluxes ranged from 1.3 g/km2 for the largely undeveloped Arroyo Sequit watershed to 223.7 g/km2 for the highly urbanized Verdugo Wash watershed, with average storm fluxes being 46 times higher in developed versus undeveloped watersheds. Early-season storms repeatedly produced substantially higher loads than comparably sized late-season storms. Within individual storms, PAHs exhibited a moderate first flush with between 30 and 60% of the total PAH load being discharged in the first 20% of the storm volume. The relative distribution of individual PAHs demonstrated a consistent predominance of high-molecular-weight compounds indicative of pyrogenic sources.

Watershed-based sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban storm water.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10406630801940530

Biota accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benin coastal waters

https://escholarship.org/content/qt0d5189jg/qt0d5189jg.pdf?t=q298di

Occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of San Diego Bay marinas

Leaves of nerium oleander l. as bioaccumulators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) in the air of palermo (italy): extraction and gc-ms analysis, distribution and sources

This paper reports an initial study regarding our quantitative understanding of the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination and loading estimation from road runoff in Beijing (China). The concentrations of 16 PAHs were measured in road runoff and rainwater in a composite commercial and residential catchment of Beijing in 2006. In road runoff samples, geometric mean concentrations of Sigma16 PAHs (the sum of 16 PAH concentrations) in the dissolved and particle phases were 548.2 and 3,872.2 ng/L, respectively, and in rainwater samples, the concentrations in the dissolved and particle phases were 172.9 and 274.6 ng/L, respectively. An analysis on spatial variation among the sampling sites showed that PAH concentrations at the branch road (with low traffic volume) were higher than those at the trunk road (with high traffic volume) and that PAH contamination at the bicycle lane was comparable to that at the vehicle lane. Dimensionless cumulative analyses indicated that first flush effect did not occur in all cases, but rather depended on storm event characteristics. According to the annual unit loading rate and the planned road area, the relative magnitude of PAH loading in road runoff was in the following order: Vehicle lane of trunk road > branch road > bicycle lane of trunk road.

Characterization and loading estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in road runoff from urban regions of Beijing, China.

Urban Runoff Contribution to Surface Sediment Accumulation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Cotonou Lagoon, Benin

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Urban Runoff Contribution to Surface Sediment Accumulation for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Cotonou Lagoon, Benin