This article attempts to bring together basic and complex information which has been gathered on cellulose structure, principally that of native cellulose, over the last few decades. Even though advances have been made in the field of crystallography, powder crystallography cannot yield a definitive cellulose structure and single crystal diffraction is not possible due to the lack of suitable crystals. Knowledge obtained on the biosynthesis of native cellulose and on the polymorphy of cellulose and its derivatives help our understanding of ultrastructure. Many inconsistencies between early crystallographic studies of native cellulose have been clarified by the discovery that two polymorphs (α and β) of cellulose I exist. Models of the possible ultrastructural arrangements within native cellulose have been put forward over the decades; with advancement in technology, computer simulations of small and large systems are being created to test the viability of these ultrastructural models. It is hoped that this review will aid in the understanding of the complexity and uncertainties that still exist in this subject

Cellulose: the structure slowly unravels

Crystalline structure analysis of cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide by means of X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy.

Metal-mediated reductive hydrodehalogenation of organic halides.

Near infrared (NIR) spectra of wood and wood products contain information regarding their chemical composition and molecular structure. Both influence physical properties and performance, however, ...

A review of band assignments in near infrared spectra of wood and wood components

Although, the drug delivery system (DDS) concept is not new, great progress has recently been made in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Targeting delivery of drugs to the diseased lesions is one of the most important aspects of DDS. To convey a sufficient dose of drug to the lesion, suitable carriers of drugs are needed. Nano and microparticle carriers have important potential applications for the administration of therapeutic molecules. The research in this area is being carried out all over the world at a great pace. Research areas cover novel properties that have been developed increased efficiency of drug delivery, improved release profiles and drug targeting. The purpose of this review is to take a closer look at nano/microparticles as drug delivery devices.

/pdf/nano-and-microparticles-as-controlled-drug-delivery-devices-wygizhqqug.pdf

Nano and microparticles as controlled drug delivery devices.

Biodegradable polymeric microparticles for drug delivery and vaccine formulation: the surface attachment of hydrophilic species using the concept of poly(ethylene glycol) anchoring segments.

Poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) triblock copolymers are used in a wide range of industrial applications from detergents to pharmaceutical materials. We have employed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to monitor the adsorption of these materials, from aqueous solutions to a model hydrophobic surface. The effect of varying the PPO or PEO block size of the copolymer on adsorption has been investigated, and a linear increase in SPR angle shift with increasing PPO or PEO chain length is observed. The SPR angle shifts show a greater increase in SPR angle with increasing PPO block size compared to an equivalent increase in PEO block size. This has been explained by considering the effect each block has on the dielectric properties of the adsorbed polymer at the interface. The presence of micelles in solution and their influence on Pluronic adsorption has also been considered, and adsorption from micellar solutions has been determined to be dependent on the PPO content ...

Adsorption of PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers at the solid/liquid interface : A surface plasmon resonance study

Hydroxyl accessibility in celluloses

Surface Defluorination of PTFE by Sodium Atoms

Plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisilane ([CH3]3SiSi[CH3]3) and tetramethylsilane ([CH3]4Si) has been investigated by XPS, FTIR, solid state NMR, and plasma emission diagnostics. Thin carbosilane films and powders can be deposited by this method. Hexamethyldisilane is found to undergo glow discharge polymerization much more readily than tetramethylsilane; this has been attributed to the chromophoric ⪫Si−Si⪪ bond contained in the former precursor.

Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Organosilicon Materials: A Comparison of Hexamethyldisilane and Tetramethylsilane Precursors

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