Malassezia pachydermatis is of importance in both veterinary and human medicine. Its taxonomic status and physiological characteristics are now better understood. Skin disease associated with this lipophilic yeast is now commonly recognized, especially in dogs. However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms which allow this yeast to proliferate and induce disease. Skin colonization is common in pet carnivores which consequently constitute a source of M. pachydermatis for susceptible humans. In the future, the development of efficient typing systems should allow better understanding of the transmission mechanisms.

Malassezia pachydermatis: a review.

This chapter presents and discusses all techniques and media used to isolate, maintain, preserve, and identify the 13 species that are presently included in the genus. Each species is described morphologically, including features of the colonies and microscopic characteristics of the yeast cells, either with or without filaments; physiologically, including the growth at 37 and 40°C, three enzymatic activities, namely catalase, β-glucosidase and urease, and growth with 5 individual lipid supplements, namely Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80, and Cremophor EL. Their ecological preferences and role in human and veterinary pathology are also discussed. For quite a long time, the genus was known to be related to the Basidiomycota, despite the absence of a sexual state. The phylogeny, based on sequencing of the D1/D2 variable domains of the ribosomal DNA and the ITS regions, as presented in the chapter, confirmed the basidiomycetous nature of these yeasts, which occupy an isolated position among the Ustilaginomycetes. The relationship to the Basidiomycetes is also supported by monopolar and percurrent budding and the multilamellar cell wall ultrastructure. Some characteristics of this cell wall, which is unparalleled in the world of fungi, together with the lipophily demonstrate the uniqueness of this genus in the fungal kingdom.

Biodiversity, phylogeny and ultrastructure.

Background The genus Malassezia is comprised of a group of lipophilic yeasts that have evolved as skin commensals and opportunistic cutaneous pathogens of a variety of mammals and birds. Objectives The objective of this document is to provide the veterinary community and other interested parties with current information on the ecology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases associated with Malassezia yeasts in dogs and cats. Methods and material The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to October 2018. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) Clinical Consensus Guideline committee provided guidance and oversight for this process. The document was presented at two international meetings of veterinary dermatology societies and one international mycology workshop; it was made available for comment on the WAVD website for a period of six months. Comments were shared with the GP electronically and responses incorporated into the final document. Conclusions and clinical importance There has been a remarkable expansion of knowledge on Malassezia yeasts and their role in animal disease, particularly since the early 1990's. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats has evolved from a disease of obscurity and controversy on its existence, to now being a routine diagnosis in general veterinary practice. Clinical signs are well recognised and diagnostic approaches are well developed. A range of topical and systemic therapies is known to be effective, especially when predisposing factors are identified and corrected.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/vde.12809

Biology, diagnosis and treatment of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats: Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology.

Malassezia pachydermatis with special referenceto canine skin disease

Malassezia pachydermatis: a review: Malassezia pachydermatis: a review

The ultrastructure of Malassezia pachydermatis and its budding process was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The innermost layer of the cell wall showed the serrated structure characteristic of the genus Malassezia. In the daughter cell, this structure became more defined as the cell grew. The mode of conidium ontogeny was monopolar blastic development with a collarette. The appearance was similar to that reported previously for Malassezia furfur, with the following difference: the budding base was 0.9-1.1 microns in diameter which was broader than that of M. furfur (0.5-0.7 microns).

Ultrastructure of budding process of Malassezia pachydermatis.

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Ultrastructure of budding process of Malassezia pachydermatis.