Despite evidence from previous case studies showing that agronomic traits partially determine the resulting yield of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, it remains unclear whether this is true at the ecotype level. Here, an extensive dataset of the traits of 7686 rice varieties, released in China from 1978 to 2017, was used to study the relationship between yield and other agronomic traits. We assessed the association between yield and other agronomic traits for four different rice ecotypes, i.e., indica inbred, indica hybrid, japonica inbred, and japonica hybrid. We found that associations between agronomic traits and yield were ecotype-dependent. For both the indica inbred and indica hybrid ecotypes, we found that greater values of certain traits, including the filled grain number per panicle, 1000-grain-weight, plant height, panicle length, grains per panicle, seed setting rate, long growth period, low panicle number per unit area, and low seed length/width ratio, have accounted for high grain yield. In the japonica inbred and japonica hybrid ecotypes, we found that only high panicle number per unit area and long growth period led to high grain yield. Indirectly, growth period consistently had a positive effect on yield in all ecotypes, and plant height had a positive effect on yield for the indicas and japonica inbred only. Plant height had a negative effect for the japonica hybrid. Altogether, our findings potentially have valuable implications for improving the breeds of rice ecotypes.

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Exploring the Relationships Between Yield and Yield-Related Traits for Rice Varieties Released in China From 1978 to 2017.

Multicollinearity in path analysis of maize (Zea mays L.)

Genetic parameters, correlation and path analysis for 12 yield and quality traits were studied during rabi, 2009 - 10 in 21 genotypes of rice. High estimates of GCV were recorded for plant height, number of filled grains/panicle and grain yield/plant. Heritability in broad sense was high for all the characters exc ept spikelet fertility. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean were recorded for number of productive tillers/plant, panicle density, number of filled grains/panicle, 1000 - grain weight, grain yield/plant and kernel length. Gra in yield/plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with days to 50 % flowering, plant height, productive tillers/plant, panicle length, panicle density and filled grains/panicle. Path coefficient studies indicated maximum direct positive effect of plant height, productive tillers, filled grains/panicle and kernel length and kernel breadth on grain yield/plant.

/pdf/genetic-variability-and-selection-criteria-in-rice-2j7dot3va4.pdf

Genetic variability and selection criteria in rice

Knowledge of interrelationships between grain yield and its contributing components will improve the efficiency of breeding programs through the use of appropriate selection indices. The objective of this study was to evaluate of interrelationships among grain yield and related characters in eleven corn hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications. Plant height, ear length, days to physiological maturity, kernel length, number of kernels per ear, cob percentage of ear, total number of kernels per ear and 100-grain weight correlated positively with grain yield. The highest correlation was shown by plant height and ear length (r= 0.65) and followed by 100-grain weight and number of kernels per row (r= 0.61). Path analysis was used to partition the genetic correlations between grain yield and related characters. Ear length, kernel length, 100-grain weight, total number of kernels per ear and cob percentage of ear showed positive direct effect on grain yield. The highest direct effect belonged to number of total kernels per ear the highest direct effect (0.59), followed by 100-grain weight (0.25). On the other hand, the highest indirect effect belonged to 100-grain weight and ear length via number of kernels per ear. The relatively high positive direct effect of 100-grain weight on grain yield was partially counterbalanced by its negative indirect effects via number of rows per ear and number of kernels per row.

Correlation and path coefficient analysis for determining interrelationships among grain yield and related characters in corn hybrids (Zea mays L.)

Even though there are abundant rice genetic resources, only a fraction is used in breeding programs leading to a narrow genetic base for improved varieties. Increasing the use of available rice germplasm could lead to the development of varieties that are superior in yield and other important agronomic traits. One hundred rice genotypes were used to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, clustering, trait association, and principal components for eight yield and yield-related traits. The experiment was conducted in a 10 × 10 lattice design in three replications under field conditions. The GCV ranged from 4.3% for panicle length to 17.9% for grain yield. Grain yield (GY) had the highest PCV (37.3%), while kernel length had the lowest PCV (7.0%). High heritabilities and moderate genetic advances were observed for days to flowering (DF), plant height (PH), kernel length (KL), and kernel length-to-width ratio (KLW). In general, the magnitudes of genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations. Grain yield showed a positive association with DF and PL at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, and with PH and KW at the genotypic level only. The genotypes clustered into three groups and the first three principal components explained about 70.3% of the total variation with KLW, KL, DF, and GY being the principal discriminatory characters. There was adequate genetic variability in the germplasm to support breeding for improved grain yield and indirect selection for high yield can be done in early generations using DF, PH, and PL.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits in Some Genotypes of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Correlation studies in rice revealed that genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients for most of the characters under study. Character association analysis revealed significantly positive association of grain yield per plant with number of productive tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight, panicle length and number of grains per panicle. Correlations among yield components were positive, encouraging rapid improvement of yield. Path analysis revealed that number of grains per panicle, days to 50 per cent flowering, 1000-grain weight and number of productive tillers per plant have shown high positive direct effects on grain yield.

Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in rice (oryza sativa l.)

An investigation was carried out on correlation and path analysis for 11 characters on 40 F1s of maize, their 14 parents (10 lines + 4 testers) along with two standard checks raised during rabi, 2004–05. The correlation coefficient of grain yield with plant height, ear height, number of leaves above ear, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content at 50 per cent flowering, ear length, ear girth and 100 seed weight was positive and significant at genotypic level except anthesis silking interval and days to physiological maturity. With these two characters, the association of yield was negative and significant. All other possible correlations were positive and significant. Path analysis revealed that 100 seed weight exerted maximum positive direct effect followed by plant height and number of leaves above ear on grain yield. Positive indirect effect on yield was by plant height viaplant height, ear height, number of leaves above ear, chlorophyll content at 50% silking, flag leaf area, ear length, ear girth and 100 seed weight. Different yield related traits influenced not only through their direct effects but also through indirect contributions towards grain yield.

Association and path coefficient analysis in maize (zea mays l.)

A line × tester set was obtained by crossing 10 inbred lines with four testers in maize. Forty F1’s along with14 parents and two standard checks were evaluated for eleven characters during rabi 2004–05. Out of 40 crosses, 23 crosses over better parent and 11 crosses over standard check were significantly out yielded for grain yield. The crosses DMR 274 × HOL 34, DMR 201 × EI 34 and DMR 156 × EI 34 showed high heterosis over better parent and standard check (DHM 103) for grain yield per plant as well as for 100 seed weight, ear length, chlorophyll content at 50% flowering and plant height. Thus, these crosses possess high heterosis, in future could be exploited commercially for higher yield in maize.

Heterosis for yield and yield component characters in maize (Zea mays L.)

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Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in rice (oryza sativa l.)

Association and path coefficient analysis in maize (zea mays l.)

Heterosis for yield and yield component characters in maize (Zea mays L.)