Dispersion theory and sum rules in linear and nonlinear optics

We study the dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect by subjecting a semiconductor quantum well to both a strong THz-frequency driving field and a weak broadband optical pulse. Coulombic effects and the THz field are included nonperturbatively. Our results show THz sidebands in the optical absorption spectrum and harmonically generated subpicosecond bursts of radiation in the THz regime. The propagating wave packets are simultaneously analyzed and applications are discussed.

Creation of highly anisotropic wave packets in quantum wells: Dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect in the optical and terahertz regimes

Abstract The middle corona, the region roughly spanning heliocentric distances from 1.5 to 6 solar radii, encompasses almost all of the influential physical transitions and processes that govern the behavior of coronal outflow into the heliosphere. The solar wind, eruptions, and flows pass through the region, and they are shaped by it. Importantly, the region also modulates inflow from above that can drive dynamic changes at lower heights in the inner corona. Consequently, the middle corona is essential for comprehensively connecting the corona to the heliosphere and for developing corresponding global models. Nonetheless, because it is challenging to observe, the region has been poorly studied by both major solar remote-sensing and in-situ missions and instruments, extending back to the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) era. Thanks to recent advances in instrumentation, observational processing techniques, and a realization of the importance of the region, interest in the middle corona has increased. Although the region cannot be intrinsically separated from other regions of the solar atmosphere, there has emerged a need to define the region in terms of its location and extension in the solar atmosphere, its composition, the physical transitions that it covers, and the underlying physics believed to shape the region. This article aims to define the middle corona, its physical characteristics, and give an overview of the processes that occur there. 

/pdf/defining-the-middle-corona-jql7h48p.pdf

Defining the Middle Corona

First results from the Solar Orbiter Heavy Ion Sensor

A theoretical study of the interaction of intense terahertz transients and broadband optical pulses in quantum wells is presented. The approach is based on a numerical solution of the anisotropic semiconductor Bloch equations and includes, self-consistently, both continuum and excitonic effects. In the optical regime we recover the dynamic Franz–Keldysh effect showing THz sidebands in the optical absorption spectrum. In the THz regime we discern a series of harmonically generated upshifted THz transients. It is demonstrated pictorially that the upshifted transients are formed by the creation of highly anisotropic interfering, relative-motion electron–hole wave packets. We also investigate the influence of ellipticity of the driving field and chirped optical pulses. The field interaction with the quantum well is shown to be highly nonperturbative for typical free-electron laser fields. A series of propagating charge-carrier wave packets are analyzed, and a connection is made to analogies in the high-field physics of atomic ensembles.

Interaction of terahertz transients and broadband optical pulses in quantum wells

Electronic transitions in bixial β-ZnP 2 are studied by two-photon absorption. The anisotropy of the crystal leads to a large energy splitting of the P excitons. The energy shift of the P excitons and Lanhdau transitions are ebserved in a magnetic field up to 6T. We present a theory which describes the anisotropic P excitons in a magnetic field. The analysis of the experimental data allows the determination of the anisotropic dielectric constants and effective masses of the valence and conduction bands.

Two‐photon absorption and magnetoabsorption of P excitons in β‐ZnP2

Experiments and a theoretical description of the optical intraband Stark effect in multiple quantum wells for an in-plane polarization of pump and test 'fields are presented. The nonlinear absorption spectra show a pronounced dependence on the angle between pump and test field polarization. For a quantitative agreement between theory and experimental results it is necessary to take the inhomogeneous distribution of the pump field into account, which is due to multiple reflections of the CO 2 laser beam in the sample

Polarization Dependence in the Intraband Optical Stark Effect of Quantum Wells

This paper outlines key scientific topics that are important for the development of solar system physics and how observations of heavy ion composition can address them. The key objectives include, 1) understanding the Sun’s chemical composition by identifying specific mechanisms driving elemental variation in the corona. 2) Disentangling the solar wind birthplace and drivers of release by determining the relative contributions of active regions (ARs), quiet Sun, and coronal hole plasma to the solar wind. 3) Determining the principal mechanisms driving solar wind evolution from the Sun by identifying the importance and interplay of reconnection, waves, and/or turbulence in driving the extended acceleration and heating of solar wind and transient plasma. The paper recommends complementary heavy ion measurements that can be traced from the Sun to the heliosphere to properly connect and study these regions to address these topics. The careful determination of heavy ion and elemental composition of several particle populations, matched at the Sun and in the heliosphere, will permit for a comprehensive examination of fractionation processes, wave-particle interactions, coronal heating, and solar wind release and energization that are key to understanding how the Sun forms and influences the heliosphere.

Deciphering the birth region, formation, and evolution of ambient and transient solar wind using heavy ion observations

Difficulties associated with receiving telemetry from satellites severely limit the volume of scientific data that can be downlinked to the ground. Currentmissions employ techniques such as compressing and pruning datasets to reduce the data volume they transmit. While existing mission designs are already restricted by limited telemetry budgets, future Heliophysics System Observatorymissions will produce ever larger data volumes with higher resolution and cadence observations from constellations of satellites spread throughout the heliosphere. In addition, heliophysics missions often produce data for the operational Space Weather community that requires a low latency between observation and downlink. In light of current limitations, the infrastructure to receiveNASA satellite telemetrymust be expanded andmodernized to support the science needs of future data-rich heliophysics missions.

/pdf/expanding-the-deep-space-network-to-support-the-heliophysics-2el250x7.pdf

Expanding the deep space network to support the heliophysics system observatory

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Papers

Two‐photon absorption and magnetoabsorption of P excitons in β‐ZnP2

Polarization Dependence in the Intraband Optical Stark Effect of Quantum Wells

Deciphering the birth region, formation, and evolution of ambient and transient solar wind using heavy ion observations

Expanding the deep space network to support the heliophysics system observatory