The work presents the conceptual information about the National Forest Inventory and Monitoring in Slovakia. It introduces some methodological approaches to the field data collection (determination of tree heights by two-phase method, regression formulas for tree volumes and assortments of forest tree species, quantification of deadwood volume in sample plots) and biometrical models prepared for data processing and generalisation of the results. The design and conception of Slovak National Forest Inventory and Monitoring were set with the aim to enable providing complex and integrated information about the state and changes of production and ecological characteristics of the forest ecosystems.

/pdf/some-methodological-aspects-of-the-national-forest-inventory-508qod133c.pdf

Some methodological aspects of the National Forest Inventory and Monitoring in Slovakia

Proper quality assessment of timber requires a certain level of knowledge and overview of technical conditions and correct identification and assessment of the qualitative features of trunks. The ratio of the highest quality classes is decreasing. Therefore, increasing the potential financial resources allocated to forest management could lead to the improvement and increase of this ratio. The objective of the study was to identify the frequency and occurrence of limiting features in the group of non-coniferous beech and oak trunks. A further objective was to classify major factors causing and increasing the frequency of occurrence of such limiting marks. Altogether, 969 beech and oak trunks were assessed in the University Forest Enterprise of the Technical University in Zvolen. The dependences of the size and occurrence of individual qualitative features on the selected factors were statistically assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Cramer’s V; significance was established using χ2 test and a significance level α = 0.05. The most frequently occurring features were sweep, knots, and heart shakes. The results of the comparative and statistical analysis indicate that the management of forest stands and interventions carried out in the forest stands affect the occurrence of the negative features being analyzed the most. However, the conditions of the given site (soil, subsoil, and slope) also play a certain role and can affect the technological aspect of the harvest. The obtained results are valid for the conditions of the University Forest Enterprise of the Technical University in Zvolen; however, they can also be applied in a wider range of similar conditions of Central European forest stands.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/1/15/pdf

Analysis of Qualitative Features of Beech and Oak Trunks as a Determinant of the Quality Assessment

The presented paper analyses the relations between four features of geomorphology, i.e. aspect, slope, elevation and type of terrain, and tree layer diversity of forest ecosystems. The forest stand diversity is quantified by nine species diversity indices (N0, R1, R2, H′, N1, N2, E1, E3, E5). The data used in this study come from the regional forest inventory of the Forest School Enterprise, Technical University Zvolen, Slovakia. Within this inventory, 26 permanent tracts were established in the systematic grid of 2×2 km, whereby a total of 120 sample plots were created on which 1,728 trees were measured. Analyses showed that species diversity is closely related only to elevation. However, the relationships of the individual species diversity indices to elevation are loose since the correlation coefficients do not exceed values of 0.30–0.40. The second part of this work presents spatial interpolation of species diversity degrees on a regional level using geostatistical methods. For this regionalisation, we used an indicator kriging. The final kriging map was found to be a suitable tool for the interpretation of tree species diversity over the investigated area.

Relations between selected geomorphology features and tree species diversity of forest ecosystems and interpolation on a regional level

/pdf/new-view-of-properties-and-applicability-of-the-circular-and-whcfgtoiqf.pdf

New view of properties and applicability of the circular and relascopic sample plots for the inventory and monitoring of the forest ecosystems

Evaluation of variable size sampling plots for monitoring of forest condition

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Evaluation of variable size sampling plots for monitoring of forest condition