The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction, is based on a high-brightness, bi-spectral, low-dimensional moderator placed above a spallation target, intended to initially serve fifteen neutron scattering instruments. Within the upgrade path of ESS, the HighNESS project aims at designing a source complementary to this upper moderator, focusing on delivering a higher intensity and a colder spectrum of neutrons. We have investigated the use of solid ortho-deuterium at 5 K as a source of very cold neutrons (VCNs). This source performs competitively as a high-intensity cold-neutron moderator, while also showing an order-of-magnitude flux increase in the very cold range above 40 ̊ A compared to a liquid deuterium moderator of similar volume and shape, also designed within HighNESS. The long-wavelength performance of the source can be improved further by encasing it in a thin layer of nanodiamonds. The cooling of a solid deuterium moderator placed so close to the spallation target of a high-power neutron source like ESS is very challenging, but may be feasible by augmenting the heat conductivity with the addition of low-density metallic foam structures within the moderator vessel. Such a source could provide unprecedented opportunities in fundamental physics research and neutron scattering using VCNs. 

An intense source of very cold neutrons using solid deuterium and nanodiamonds for the European Spallation Source

The precise determination of the leptonic $CP$-phase is one of the major goals for future generation long baseline experiments. On the other hand, if new physics beyond the Standard Model exists, a robust determination of such a $CP$-phase may be a challenge. Moreover, it has been pointed out that, in this scenario, an apparent discrepancy in the $CP$-phase measurement at different experiments may arise. In this work, we investigate the determination of the Dirac $CP$-phase and the atmospheric mixing angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{23}$ at several long-baseline configurations: ESSnuSB, T2HKK, and a DUNE-like experiment. We use the nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) formalism as a framework. We found that complementary between ESSnuSB and a DUNE-like experiment will be favorable to obtain a reliable value of the $CP$-phase, within the aforementioned scenario. Moreover, the T2HKK proposal can help to constrain the matter NSI parameters. 

Future leptonic 
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 phase determination in the presence of NSI

Leptoquarks are theorized particles of either scalar or vector nature that couple simultaneously to quarks and leptons. Motivated by recent measurements of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, we consider the impact of scalar leptoquarks coupling to neutrinos on a few complementary processes, from low energy to colliders. In particular, we set competitive constraints on the typical mass and coupling of scalar leptoquarks by analyzing recent COHERENT data. We compare these constraints with bounds from atomic parity violation experiments, deep inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering and collider data. Our results highlight a strong complementarity between different facilities and demonstrate the power of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments to probe leptoquark masses in the sub-TeV range. Finally, we also present prospects for improving current bounds with future upgrades of the COHERENT detectors and the planned European Spallation Source. 

Neutrino window to scalar leptoquarks: From low energy to colliders

The charge conjugation operator in 4 k +2-dimensional space-time posses the peculiar property of preserving chiralities of the spinor ﬁelds its acting upon. This nature of 4 k + 2 − D fermions and its interactions, on compactifying the extra-dimension, leads to 4-dimensional operators with Kaluza Klein (KK) modes at the lowest order, speciﬁcally, in the context of baryon and lepton number violation. With the KK mass degeneracy lifted at 1-loop, these operators generate decays/annihilations of KK-1 fermion modes that violate baryon and lepton number. Moreover, including the fermion bilinear interaction with the broken polarization of the hypercharge gauge boson, namely the “spineless adjoint scalar”, these exotic operators generate proton decay and double proton annihilation. In the simplest scenario, this scalar ﬁeld, being stable, become the Dark Matter (DM) candidate. Here, we discuss the ∆ B = 1 = ∆ L and ∆ B = 2 = ∆ L operators, in 4 k +2 − dimensions, in model independent eﬀective ﬁeld theory and derive the scale of New Physics using p → e + + π , DM + p → DM + e + + π , p + p → e + + e + , DM + p → DM + ¯ p + e + + e + and ( DM + e − ) + p → ( DM + e + ) + ¯ p processes. Though the terrestrial experiments are not sensitive enough to Dark Matter inﬂuenced ∆ B = 2, their rate can be enhanced substantially at super dense DM clumps and center of galaxy clusters where the Dark Matter distribution is much denser.

pdf/assisted-baryon-number-violation-from-4k-2-dimensions-34ock3u8.pdf

Assisted baryon number violation from $4k+2$ dimensions

The HIBEAM-NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source (ESS) designed to search for baryon number violation, which is - together with C and CP violation - one of the three fundamental Sakharov conditions to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Taking advantage of the ESS' unique capabilities as the future brightest neutron source, the experiment will make high sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons.

pdf/searches-for-baryon-number-violation-in-the-hibeam-nnbar-2q0nyeutns.pdf

Searches for baryon number violation in the HIBEAM-NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source

Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world's brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).

Particle Physics at the European Spallation Source

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Particle Physics at the European Spallation Source