A newly developed tissue diagnostic method, based on label-free near-infrared (NIR) polarimetric reflectance imaging for the classification of histopathological samples of lung cancer cells, is presented The design, calibration, and testing of an automated NIR polarimetric imaging system, with emphasis on lung cancer detection, are put forward in detail The described electro-optical imaging polarimeter system exhibits high degree of accuracy and repeatability The outcome of this paper indicates that the operational design principles of the NIR polarimetric system may be proved extremely useful in discrimination of label-free normal and lung cancer cell samples as well as differentiation of different lung cancer cells and stages in vitro 

Design, Calibration, and Testing of an Automated Near-Infrared Liquid-Crystal Polarimetric Imaging System for Discrimination of Lung Cancer Cells

The article discusses the use of modern imaging polarimetry from the visible range of the spectrum to the far infrared. The paper presents the analyzes the potential for imaging polarimetry in the far infrared for remote sensing applications. In article a description of measurement stand is presented for examination of polarization state in LWIR. The stand consists of: infrared detector array with electronic circuitry, polarizer plate and software enabling detection method. The article also describes first results of measurements in presented test bed. Based on these measurements it was possible to calculate some of the Stokes parameters of radiation from the scene. The analysis of the measurement results show that the measurement of polarization state can be used to detect certain types of objects. Measuring the degree of polarization may allow for the detection of objects on an infrared image, which are not detectable by other techniques, and in other spectral ranges. In order to at least partially characterize the polarization state of the scene it is required to measure radiation intensity in different configurations of the polarizing filter. Due to additional filtering elements in optical path of the camera, the NETD parameter of the camera with polarizer in proposed measurement stand was equal to about 240mK. In order to visualize the polarization characteristics of objects in the infrared image, a method of imaging measurement results imposing them on the thermal image. Imaging of measurement results of radiation polarization is made by adding color and saturation to black and white thermal image where brightness corresponds to the intensity of infrared radiation.

Polarization state imaging in long-wave infrared for object detection

The objective of this study is to explore the polarimetric phenomenology of near infrared light interaction with healthy and lung cancer monolayer cells by using efficient polarimetric transmission detection techniques. Preliminary results indicate that enhanced discrimination between normal and different types of lung cancer cell stages can be achieved based on their transmitted intensities and depolarization properties of the cells. Specifically, the sizes of the nuclei of the cancer cells and the nucleus-to-cytoplasmic ratios appear to have potential impact on the detected polarimetric signatures leading to enhanced discrimination of lung cancer cells.

Infrared photon discrimination of lung cancer cells

The objective of the study is to present integrative paradigms highlighting their applicability of polarimetry to multidisciplinary areas such as space defense and bioscience applications. Polarimetric sensing and imaging offer unique advantages for a wide range of detection and classification problems due to the intrinsic potential for high contrast in different polarization components of the backscattered light. Indeed, polarized imaging can yield high-specificity images under high-dynamic range and extreme condition scenarios, in scattering media, or cluttered environments, offering at the same instance information related to the object material composition and its surface characteristics. In this study, a new imaging approach based on polarimetric detection principles will be introduced and the Mueller matrix formalism will be defined, and will be applied for space applications, such as detection of unresolved objects, as well as for early cancer detection. The design principles of the liquid crystal polarimetric imaging system will be introduced and related to operating conditions and system performance metrics. The depolarization, diattenuation, and retardance of the materials will be estimated using Mueller matrix decomposition for different aspect angles.

Integrative paradigms bridging defense and bioscience

Article history: Received 23 Nov. 2020 Received in revised form 2 Jan. 2021 Accepted 7 Jan. 2021 Thermal-imaging systems respond to infrared radiation that is naturally emitted by objects. Various multispectral and hyperspectral devices are available for measuring radiation in discrete sub-bands and thus enable a detection of differences in a spectral emissivity or transmission. For example, such devices can be used to detect hazardous gases. However, their operation principle is based on the fact that radiation is considered a scalar property. Consequently, all the radiation vector properties, such as polarization, are neglected. Analysing radiation in terms of the polarization state and the spatial distribution of thereof across a scene can provide additional information regarding the imaged objects. Various methods can be used to extract polarimetric information from an observed scene. We briefly review architectures of polarimetric imagers used in different wavebands. First, the state-of-the-art polarimeters are presented, and, then, a classification of polarimetricmeasurement devices is described in detail. Additionally, the data processing in Stokes polarimeters is given. Emphasis is laid on the methods for obtaining the Stokes parameters. Some predictions in terms of LWIR polarimeters are presented in the conclusion.

Review of design and signal processing of polarimetric imaging cameras

The objective of this study is to explore the phenomenology of near infrared (NIR) light interaction with healthy and early-lung cancer by combining efficient polarimetric backscattering detection techniques with Polarimetric Exploratory Data Analysis (pEDA). Preliminary results indicate that enhanced discrimination signatures can be obtained for certain types of lung cancers.

Near infrared light interaction with lung cancer cells

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Near infrared light interaction with lung cancer cells