https://escholarship.org/content/qt5xs3w45m/qt5xs3w45m.pdf?t=pzinan

The geophysics, geology and mechanics of slow fault slip

Injection-induced earthquakes pose a serious seismic hazard but also offer an opportunity to gain insight into earthquake physics. Currently used models relating the maximum magnitude of injection-induced earthquakes to injection parameters do not incorporate rupture physics. We develop theoretical estimates, validated by simulations, of the size of ruptures induced by localized pore-pressure perturbations and propagating on prestressed faults. Our model accounts for ruptures growing beyond the perturbed area and distinguishes self-arrested from runaway ruptures. We develop a theoretical scaling relation between the largest magnitude of self-arrested earthquakes and the injected volume and find it consistent with observed maximum magnitudes of injection-induced earthquakes over a broad range of injected volumes, suggesting that, although runaway ruptures are possible, most injection-induced events so far have been self-arrested ruptures.

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/3/12/eaap7528.full.pdf

Induced seismicity provides insight into why earthquake ruptures stop

Faults can slip seismically or aseismically depending on their hydromechanical properties, which can be measured in the laboratory. Here, we demonstrate that fault slip induced by fluid injection in a natural fault at the decametric scale is quantitatively consistent with fault slip and frictional properties measured in the laboratory. The increase in fluid pressure first induces accelerating aseismic creep and fault opening. As the fluid pressure increases further, friction becomes mainly rate strengthening, favoring aseismic slip. Our study reveals how coupling between fault slip and fluid flow promotes stable fault creep during fluid injection. Seismicity is most probably triggered indirectly by the fluid injection due to loading of nonpressurized fault patches by aseismic creep.

/pdf/stabilization-of-fault-slip-by-fluid-injection-in-the-2zkxxdrrfn.pdf

Stabilization of fault slip by fluid injection in the laboratory and in situ

Fluid injection can cause extensive earthquake activity, sometimes at unexpectedly large distances Appropriately mitigating associated seismic hazards requires a better understanding of the zone of influence of injection We analyze spatial seismicity decay in a global dataset of 18 induced cases with clear association between isolated wells and earthquakes We distinguish two populations The first is characterized by near-well seismicity density plateaus and abrupt decay, dominated by square-root space-time migration and pressure diffusion Injection at these sites occurs within the crystalline basement The second population exhibits larger spatial footprints and magnitudes, as well as a power law–like, steady spatial decay over more than 10 kilometers, potentially caused by poroelastic effects Far-reaching spatial effects during injection may increase event magnitudes and seismic hazard beyond expectations based on purely pressure-driven seismicity

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/361/6405/899.full.pdf

The spatial footprint of injection wells in a global compilation of induced earthquake sequences

Modelling fluid injection-induced fracture activation, damage growth, seismicity occurrence and connectivity change in naturally fractured rocks

Aseismic motions drive a sparse seismicity during fluid injections into a fractured zone in a carbonate reservoir

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Aseismic motions drive a sparse seismicity during fluid injections into a fractured zone in a carbonate reservoir