Medicinal plants have been used from the beginning of human civilization, which is mostly evident from the ancient script and traditional herbal medicine recipe. Despite the historically enriched demonstration about the use of plant as therapeutics, the pharmaceutical industries lack interest on phytochemical research compared with synthetic drug. Mostly, the absence of information about plant-based medicinal therapeutics is responsible to draw the attention of researchers to think about natural products as potential drug for detrimental diseases, such as cancer. This review will cover about clinically successful plant-based anticancer drugs and underappreciated, but potential, drugs to bridge the information gap between plant biologists and clinical researchers. Additionally, unprecedented advancement of synthetic chemistry, omics study to pin point the target genes/proteins, and efficient drug delivery system have made it easier for researchers to develop a phytochemical as an efficient anticancer drug.

/pdf/phytochemicals-as-potential-anticancer-drugs-time-to-ponder-3naqatqeiq.pdf

Phytochemicals as Potential Anticancer Drugs: Time to Ponder Nature's Bounty.

Cancer is a hard-to-treat disease with a high reoccurrence rate that affects health and lives globally. The condition has a high occurrence rate and is the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular disorders. Increased research and more profound knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to the disease’s onset and progression have led to drug discovery and development. Various drugs are on the market against cancer; however, the drugs face challenges of chemoresistance. The other major problem is the side effects of these drugs. Therefore, using complementary and additional medicines from natural sources is the best strategy to overcome these issues. The naturally occurring phytochemicals are a vast source of novel drugs against various ailments. The modes of action by which phytochemicals show their anti-cancer effects can be the induction of apoptosis, the onset of cell cycle arrest, kinase inhibition, and the blocking of carcinogens. This review aims to describe different phytochemicals, their classification, the role of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents, the mode of action of phytochemicals, and their role in various types of cancer.

/pdf/insight-into-the-biological-roles-and-mechanisms-of-mbt14zmq.pdf

Insight into the Biological Roles and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Different Types of Cancer: Targeting Cancer Therapeutics

Worldwide, cancer is an illness that affects people of all ages and is quickly becoming a universal epidemic in developing and developed countries. Cancer represents one of the biggest healthcare issues for the human race; thus it demands a proactive strategy for a cure. Humankind has been trying hard to find better, cheaper treatments with fewer side effects to reduce the incidence of the disease and its resulting mortality. Plants are reservoirs for novel chemical entities and provide a promising line for cancer research. For many years, herbal biomolecules (HBs), such as small organic molecules derived naturally from microbes and plants, have provided several useful cancer drugs. HBs or natural products play an important role in cancer prevention and treatment. Plants are crucial sources of HBs and secondary metabolites responsible for their chemopreventive properties and contribute to their activity as apoptosis inducers. For many years, herbal products have been intensively studied, in vitro and in vivo, for their antitumor effects. In recent years, considerably increased uses of these compounds have been discovered. HBs have been identified that significantly contribute to the development of several drugs currently used in cancer chemotherapy. Although many secondary metabolites are known to affect the redox state of the cell, many studies on these compounds have focused on their antioxidant activity instead of on their pro-oxidant and anticancer properties. HBs are more selective in their functions and act specifically on tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Phytochemicals are considered suitable for anticancer drug development due to their epistasis actions on target events with multiple manners. This chapter presents the natural HBs as anticancer agents. 

Herbal biomolecules: anticancer agents

Worldwide, cancer is an illness that affects people of all ages and is quickly becoming a universal epidemic in developing and developed countries. Cancer represents one of the biggest healthcare issues for the human race; thus it demands a proactive strategy for a cure. Humankind has been trying hard to find better, cheaper treatments with fewer side effects to reduce the incidence of the disease and its resulting mortality. Plants are reservoirs for novel chemical entities and provide a promising line for cancer research. For many years, herbal biomolecules (HBs), such as small organic molecules derived naturally from microbes and plants, have provided several useful cancer drugs. HBs or natural products play an important role in cancer prevention and treatment. Plants are crucial sources of HBs and secondary metabolites responsible for their chemopreventive properties and contribute to their activity as apoptosis inducers. For many years, herbal products have been intensively studied, in vitro and in vivo, for their antitumor effects. In recent years, considerably increased uses of these compounds have been discovered. HBs have been identified that significantly contribute to the development of several drugs currently used in cancer chemotherapy. Although many secondary metabolites are known to affect the redox state of the cell, many studies on these compounds have focused on their antioxidant activity instead of on their pro-oxidant and anticancer properties. HBs are more selective in their functions and act specifically on tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Phytochemicals are considered suitable for anticancer drug development due to their epistasis actions on target events with multiple manners. This chapter presents the natural HBs as anticancer agents.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The advent of modern drug-targeted therapies has undeniably improved cancer patients’ management. However, advanced metastasized cancer remains untreatable. Hence, the continued search for safer and more effective chemoprevention and management are still needed to improve the efficiency of treatment and to lower the cost of cancer care. Cancer chemoprevention with natural phytochemical compounds is an emerging strategy to prevent, impede, delay, or cure cancer. More than a thousand plant species have been identified as having noteworthy anticancer potential. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has screened approximately 35,000 plant species for potential anticancer activities. Among them, about 3000 plant species have demonstrated reproducible anticancer activities. These phytomedicines cover an important portion of our current pharmaceutics. This chapter summarizes the latest research in cancer chemoprevention and treatment using natural bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and herbs. 

Bioactive compounds in cancer care and prevention

Success story of plant-based medicine had been overlooked during the advent of modern pharmaceutical industry. Despite the negligence of the multimillion-dollar drug industry, people entirely rely on medicinal plants in some part of the world. In this study, we have emphasized on going back to those traditional medicinal practices to figure out their underlying mechanism to move forward on phytochemical based drug development. We screened Medicinal Plant Database Bangladesh 1.0 (MPDB1.0) and on-going extension, MPDB2.0, of that database to find traditionally used medicinal plants and their active compounds. Here, Mangiferin, extracted from Mangifera indica, have been demonstrated to interact with cell cycle regulator Cyclin-dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4). CDK4 is differentially expressed during Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), Brain Lower Grade Glioma (LGG), and Sarcoma (SARC). Expression of CDK4 is interlinked to the patients’ survival rate and its consistent expression throughout different stages have provided the advantage to use it as diagnostic tool and drug target. Altogether, this study demonstrated that simple mango tree extracted active compounds, mangiferin, can work as potential anticancer drug and leveraging the recent advancement of sequencing and gene expression data can accelerate the phytochemical based drug discovery process.

/pdf/cdk4-as-a-phytochemical-based-anticancer-drug-target-cyiaeiixgk.pdf

CDK4 as a phytochemical based anticancer drug target

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CDK4 as a phytochemical based anticancer drug target