Recently, Indian cotton belt experienced a devastating outbreak of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley. Natural enemy complex associated with P. solenopsis was explored by conducting extensive field surveys coupled with laboratory screening of samples collected from various localities across the country. A total of seventeen parasitoids inclusive of hyperparasitoids were identified. An encyrtid, Aenasius bambawalei Hayat, was found predominantly on P. solenopsis . Promuscidea unfasciativentris Girault predominated the hyperparasitic fauna. Interestingly, Aphanogmus sp. and Anastatus sp. were recorded for the first time on P. solenopsis . Additionally, eight species of Coccinellidae and two species of Chrysopidae were recovered as important predators.

/pdf/natural-enemy-complex-associated-with-the-mealybug-dx5cgrqqrr.pdf

Natural Enemy Complex Associated with the Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Infesting Different Host Plants in India

Summary Reproductive modes and daily fecundity of Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), were elucidated in this experiment. Aenasius bambawale reproduced mainly by gamogenesis and occasionally by arrhenotokous parthenogenesis. Aenasius bambawalei females allocated far more energy sources to their own survival than to reproduction during the mid and late portions of the ovipositional period. Therefore, newly emerged adult parasitoids should be chosen for mass rearing and for use in the biological control of P. solenopsis.

https://bioone.org/journals/Florida-Entomologist/volume-98/issue-1/024.098.0158/Reproductive-Modes-and-Daily-Fecundity-of-Aenasius-bambawalei-Hymenoptera/10.1653/024.098.0158.pdf

Reproductive Modes and Daily Fecundity of Aenasius bambawalei (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a Parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Ophmella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a biological control agent of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae). To reveal its climate adaptation, the effect of temperature on life traits of Aenasius arizonensis, a parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis was studied. The results showed that both the highest parasitism and emergence rates of A. arizonensis were observed at 31 °C. The parasitism and emergence rates of the parasitoid significantly increased with the increasing temperature from 19 °C to 31 °C, but dropped when the temperature exceeded 31 °C. Female ratio reached a higher value at 19, 22, 31, 34 or 37 °C. The minimum threshold temperatures for female and male parasitoids were 11.5 and 11.2 °C, respectively. The effective accumulative temperatures for the parasitoid to develop from eggs to both female and male adults were 222.2 day-degrees. Since the highest parasitism rate, the highest emergence rate and a higher female ratio were observed at 31 °C, we conclude that the opti...

Temperature-dependent parasitism and development in Aenasius arizonensis Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero is one of the most serious pests of cassava worldwide, which got recently introduced into India (traced in Kerala) as a potential invasive pest. Studies were carried out to record the incidence of mealybug, P. manihoti and its natural enemies on different varieties of cassava in Namakkal dt. of Tamil Nadu during June 2020. The observations were taken in the field in situ as well in the collected mealybug infested twigs in the laboratory. Results revealed that all the three surveyed cassava varieties viz. , Mulluvadi, Thailand white and Shree Atulya were found severely infested with cassava mealybug. A huge number of coccinellid beetles were collected from the P. manihoti colonies, which were identified as Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard, 1929 (Coccinellidae:Coccinellinae:Hyperaspidini). Molecular characterization of both grub and adult beetle of H. maindroni was carried out to confirm its identity.

/pdf/record-of-coccinellid-predator-hyperaspis-maindroni-sicard-2dmzwlhcee.pdf

Record of coccinellid predator, Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on invasive cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Role of antimicrobials and antioxidants in diet on growth and development of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Solenopsis mealybug, ( Phenacoccus solenopsis ) infests cotton at Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu. During the surveys carried out during 2008-10, coccinellids Scymnus nubilus Mulsant, Hyperaspis maindroni Sicard, green lacewing, spiders, Aenasius bambawalei Hayat, Homalotylus eytelwenii Ratzeburg (Encyrtidae) Promuscidea unfasciativentris Girault and Coccophagus sp. (Aphelinidae) were recorded. The per cent emergence of S. nubilus was highest (68%) during second week of February and lowest (6%) during last week of November. The highest percentage (18%) of H. maindroni was recorded during second week of February and lowest (2%) during third week of March. The highest parasitisation (76%) by A. bambawalei was recorded during last week of February whereas it was lowest (8%) during last week of December. Similarly, the highest parasitisation (28%) by P. unfasciativentris was recorded during third week of February whereas it was lowest (2%) during third week of March. But the percent parasitized mealybug by Coccophagus sp . was very lower than others. A. bambawalei and P. unfasciativentris were most common parasitoids on mealybug P. solenopsis in cotton.

/pdf/predators-and-parasitoids-of-cotton-mealybug-phenacoccus-1kl7y9qxtu.pdf

Predators and parasitoids of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu.

A web-based decision support system called e-pest surveillance system was developed and implemented for effective and regular pest monitoring in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] and cotton (Gossypium spp) crops in Maharashtra. Epidemics of Spodopetra litura (Fab.) occurred during 2008–09 in an area of 1.46 million ha caused loss of 0.85 million tonnes and monetary loss of INR 1.39 billion, which led to the immediate need for systematic area wide pest monitoring. Application of web technologies speeded up the whole process of pest surveillance and appropriate actions to be taken to manage pests by the farmers. The System consists of three major components, viz. a database, an offline data capture and online data reporting and advisory applications. Information of the incidence of key pests of selected crops collected through regular monitoring by State Department of Plant Protection personnel at farmer’s field was fed into the offline data capture application deployed at their computers and subsequently transferred to central database. Pest management experts from State Agriculture Universities (SAUs) accessed the pest reports generated on the central database through online reporting and advisory application. Decisions of pest management were made on the basis of these reports by state pest experts and issued as advisories to farmers through short message service (SMS) for implementation. This describes the structure and functions of the e-pest surveillance system, which seeks to be first of its kind in Indian agriculture for pest management at farmer’s field level.

/pdf/e-pest-surveillance-system-for-soybean-glycine-max-and-55m13qjr1r.pdf

e-pest surveillance system for soybean (Glycine max) and cotton (Gossypium spp) crops

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Predators and parasitoids of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu.

e-pest surveillance system for soybean (Glycine max) and cotton (Gossypium spp) crops