Nanocomposites, formed by combining a matrix (commonly polymer or ceramic) with nanofillers (nano-sized inclusions like nanoparticles or nanofibers), possess distinct attributes attributed to their composition. Their unique physicochemical properties and interaction capabilities with microbial cells position them as a promising avenue for infectious disease treatment. The escalating prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria intensifies the need for alternative solutions. Traditional approaches involve antimicrobial agents like antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals, targeting specific microbial aspects. This review presents a comprehensive overview of diverse nanocomposite types and highlights the potential of tailored matrix and antibacterial agent selection within nanocomposites to enhance treatment efficacy and decrease antibiotic resistance risks. Challenges such as toxicity, safety, and scalability in clinical applications are also acknowledged. Ultimately, the convergence of nanotechnology and infectious disease research offers the prospect of enhanced therapeutic strategies, envisioning a future wherein advanced materials revolutionize the landscape of medical treatment.

Exploring nanocomposites for controlling infectious microorganisms: charting the path forward in antimicrobial strategies

The increasing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains responsible for morbidity and mortality worldwide; their effective diagnostic or treatment methods are of great interest to researchers. The use of NPs and nanocarriers in cardiology has drawn much interest. The present comprehensive review provides deep insights into the use of current and innovative approaches in CVD diagnostics to offer practical ways to utilize nanotechnological interventions and the critical elements in the CVD diagnosis, associated risk factors, and management strategies of patients with chronic CVDs. We proposed a decision tree-based solution by discussing the emerging applications of NPs for the higher number of rules to increase efficiency in treating CVDs. This review-based study explores the screening methods, tests, and toxicity to provide a unique way of creating a multi-parametric feature that includes cutting-edge techniques for identifying cardiovascular problems and their treatments. We discussed the benefits and drawbacks of various NPs in the context of cost, space, time and complexity that have been previously suggested in the literature for the diagnosis of CVDs risk factors. Also, we highlighted the advances in using NPs for targeted and improved drug delivery and discussed the evolution toward the nano-cardiovascular potential for medical science. Finally, we also examined the mixed-based diagnostic approaches crucial for treating cardiovascular disorders, broad applications and the potential future applications of nanotechnology in medical sciences. 

Multifunctional role of nanoparticles for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract In this study, NiO nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite were synthesized for the first time using a Salvia officinalis ( S. officinalis ) extract-assisted hydrothermal process. The S. officinalis leaf extract served as a natural reducing and capping agent. The synthesized NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The direct and indirect band gap energies of NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO were found to be 3.00, 2.28, and 2.71 eV, and 2.63, 1.91, and 2.23 eV, respectively. The crystallite sizes were analyzed using PXRD spectra through Scherrer and Williamson–Hall (W–H) methods. TEM analysis revealed that the average particle sizes of NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO were 16.0, 207.5, and 31.0 nm, respectively. The magnetic properties of all nanomaterials were assessed via the VSM technique. Specific capacitance (Cs) values, determined from CV voltammograms, were 196.8, 632.4, and 785 Fg-1 at a scan rate of 25 mVs-1 for NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO, respectively. These findings suggest that the green-synthesized NiO@ZnO nanocomposite holds significant potential as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitor applications. 

pdf/salvia-officinalis-leaf-extract-stabilized-nio-nps-zno-nps-9mkiaktvj6.pdf

Salvia officinalis leaf extract-stabilized NiO NPs, ZnO NPs, and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite: Green hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and supercapacitor application

Eco-friendly green synthesis of AgNPs from Elaeocarpus serratus fruit extract: potential to antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic effects of colon cancerous cells (HT-29) and its toxicity assessments of marine microcrustacean Artemia nauplii.

Hydrogels are polymeric structures characterized by their three-dimensional nature, insolubility in aqueous media, and remarkable ability to absorb significant amounts of water. Owing to their exceptional biocompatibility with living tissues, hydrogels find extensive use in various biomedical applications. Guggul gum grafted polyacrylamide hydrogels (SG) were prepared and green synthesized SrO, CoO and SrO-CoO nanoparticles (NPs) were incorporated with hydrogels (SrG, CoG, Sr-CoG) respectively. The fabricated hydrogels were characterized by various analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD and SEM. XRD results confirmed the presence of Sr and Co metal nanoparticles in the fabricated hydrogels matrix, SrG pattern showed diffraction peaks at 2θ = 30°, 36.59°, 44.11°, 50.22° and 62.20° while CoG peaks appeared at 2θ = 36.59°, 42.32°, 61.18°, 74.05° and 77.08°. SG, SrG, CoG and Sr-CoG hydrogels showed 11 %, 32 %, 23 % and 45 % radical scavenging activity respectively as compared to standard BHT (Butylated hydroxyl toluene). In vitro drug release tests results showed that SG, SrG, CoG and Sr-CoG exhibited 21 %, 16 %, 13 % and 10 % sustained release of naproxen respectively. The results revealed that SrO and CoO nanoparticles dopped hydrogels possessed good wound healing potential as compared to conventional hydrogels, which provides great potential in clinical treatment for wounds. 

Synthesis of bimetallic oxides (SrO-CoO) nanoparticles decorated polyacrylamide hydrogels for controlled drug release and wound healing applications

Metal oxide nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery towards the treatment of global infectious diseases: A review

The medicinal potential of quinoline, a flexible bicyclic heterocyclic scaffold, is significant. Some compounds with quinoline nuclei are preferred therapeutic agents for various diseases. Several quinoline derivatives demonstrate a wide range of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, antifungal and antiprotozoal activities, many of which are being studied in clinical studies to treat potentially fatal diseases and disorders. Clinically effective drugs widely used to treat various human diseases/disorders include several compounds with quinoline skeletons. In the development of more recent drugs, medicinal chemists' attention was drawn to the clinical efficacy of some of these compounds and the adaptability of the quinoline nucleus. This pharmacophore is becoming more and more important, as seen by the disproportionately large number of patents filed in a short amount of time. The multi-target approach or hybridization is considered a promising strategy in drug design and discovery; hybridization may improve affinity and potency while simultaneously decreasing the resistance and side effects. The main part of this review focuses on and highlights the functionalization of quinoline for biological and pharmaceutical activities.

Keywords: [Quinoline, Antibacterial activity, Antimalarial activity, Antifungal activity]

/pdf/an-extensive-review-on-biological-interest-of-quinoline-and-es10xy7g.pdf

An Extensive Review on Biological Interest of Quinoline and Its Analogues

One of the first grains to be cultivated was Hordeum vulgare, which was grown in the Fertile Crescent, a region of Western Asia near the Nile River in North-East Africa and many other regions like russia, china. It has a lot of soluble fiber, especially beta-glucans, which help control blood sugar and lower cholesterol. It is a grain of the Poaceae family and is one of the earliest plants with the greatest significance in Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners have used it for treating hyperprolactinemia, obesity etc. Hordeum vulgare is used in the preparation called "Smilax" which is used for weight loss in china. Hordeum vulgare has been used as a poultice to treat burns and wounds because it is thought to be anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, diuretic, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, antiviral, antiprotozoal, astringent, demulcent, digestive, expectorant, febrifuge, antimutagenic, and emollient. The online databases including scopus, web of science, Google Scholar, and PubMed, were searched using different keywords: Hordeum vulgare, antinflammatory activity, traditional uses, and antimutagenic activity, Chinese herb, hordeum vulgare. The purpose of this review was therefore to summarise the previously reported phytopharmacological status of the chosen plant species. The results of our analysis revealed that Hordeum vulgare Linn. contains dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals including, flavonoids, saponins, etc. In addition, previous research has demonstrated that plant extracts and isolated principles of Hordeum vulgare also possess significant pharmacological activity including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, anti-mutagenic and others. Hordeum vulgare has a good potential for generating therapeutics for the treatment of inflammation, obesity, cancer and also worked as dietary supplements for minerals and vitamin deficiency, according to the below-mentioned human and animal studies. Also, clinical research has shown that Hordeum vulgare is a safe and efficient herb for human intake and thus should be included in dietary intakes and as active constituents in pharmaceutical formulations. This review will talk about how the plant chemicals in Hordeum vulgare can be used to treat and prevent diseases. This review also helps the researchers to work on the Hordeum vulgare with the focus on bioactivity and toxicity. 

Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Hordeum Vulgare

The PDE-5 inhibitors, i.e., phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil, are the most used in premature erectile dysfunction. Many literature reviews suggest that these classes of drugs are commonly used in erectile dysfunction. Many of these reviews suggest that these inhibitors (PDE-5) are used in many other diseases apart from erectile dysfunction. So, in this review, we find the main mechanism of action of PDE-5 inhibitors in different disease conditions. These inhibitors have a major role in different diseases like erectile dysfunction, memory enhancement, cancer (cell proliferation), lower urinary tract symptoms, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. This class of drug also acts through the cGMP pathway. We found that cGMP plays an important role in different diseases like erectile dysfunction, cancer, and memory enhancement. So, in this review, we show the mechanism of PDE-5 inhibitor in different disease conditions.

Keywords: PDE-5, Erectile dysfunction, Memory enhancement, cGMP, Pulmonary arterial hypertension.

/pdf/contribution-of-phosphodiesterase-5-pde5-inhibitors-in-the-16r4teuo.pdf

Contribution of Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) Inhibitors in the Various Diseases

Chinese medicine, rooted in a rich history dating back thousands of years, offers a holistic approach to healthcare that has endured the test of time. This comprehensive review explores the ancient wisdom and modern relevance of Chinese medicine, shedding light on its principles, practices, and adaptability in contemporary healthcare. This review employs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing upon ancient texts, modern scientific research, and clinical studies to elucidate the core tenets of Chinese medicine. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and traditional Chinese medical databases, to identify relevant articles, books, and historical documents. The review synthesizes the fundamental concepts of Chinese medicine, such as Qi, Yin-Yang, the five elements, and meridian system, while examining their physiological and clinical significance in the context of modern medicine. It also delves into the integration of Chinese Medicine into mainstream healthcare systems worldwide, highlighting its growing acceptance and utilization in the treatment of various conditions, including chronic pain, mental health disorders, and complementary cancer care. The discussion section explores the synergy between traditional Chinese medicine and contemporary medical practices, emphasizing the potential for a complementary approach that bridges the gap between Eastern and Western healthcare. It addresses the challenges and opportunities in integrating Chinese medicine into evidence-based medicine, emphasizing the importance of rigorous research and standardization. In conclusion, this review underscores the enduring wisdom of Chinese medicine, showcasing its adaptability and relevance in the modern healthcare landscape. It advocates for continued collaboration between traditional Chinese medicine and conventional medical systems, fostering a more holistic and patient-centered approach to healthcare. By embracing the ancient wisdom of Chinese medicine alongside modern medical advancements, we can pave the way for a healthier and more balanced future. 

Exploring the Ancient Wisdom and Modern Relevance of Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Review

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