The integrated farming system (IFS) is a holistic farming approach specially designed for small/marginal farmers to enhance the system productivity, profitability, and employment generation of their farm, ultimately ensuring their food and nutrition security for their livelihood. The mechanism of IFS offers various ecosystem services making farms environment‐friendly, sustainable, and climate‐resilient. IFS is characterized by the allocation of different agricultural components systematically in a single farm performing synergistically among themselves making the farm more productive, healthy, biodiversity enriched, and eco‐friendly than simplified farms. Therefore, this review paper represents an extensive analysis of existing literature on IFS exploring its concept, components, and need, and emphasizing its potential for higher system productivity, profitability, and employment generation in a sustainable manner. Moreover, it develops a conceptualization of the relationship among different agricultural components in a single farm exploring its role in ecosystem services (reducing greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration, nutrient recycling, improving soil health, and biodiversity conservation).

The integrated farming system is an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach to the sustainability of agri‐food systems in the modern era of the changing climate: A comprehensive review

Long-term experiments in agriculture: stages, challenges, and precautions

PurposeThe present study delves into the causes of relatively lower retail participation in the Indian REIT market. Specifically, it investigates investors' attitudes and perceptions towards REITs as a unique asset class. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the perception and factors influencing Indian retail investors' reluctance to participate in the REIT market.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews to gather insights from non-investors in REITs. The data were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis techniques. Finally, coding techniques were used to identify broad study themes.FindingsAccording to the study results, many retail investors are unfamiliar with REITs. Even among those knowledgeable about REITs and with a favorable view, it is not commonly seen as a feasible investment option due to its early stage, unattractive returns and limited number of REITs.Practical implicationsDeveloped countries have established REIT markets, while it is still in its infancy in developing countries such as India. Financial advisors, fund houses and the media should focus on educating investors to increase awareness.Originality/valueThe study is the first qualitative investigation into the perception of retail investors to understand the reasons for lower retail engagement in the Indian REIT market.

Unveiling the Indian REIT narrative-qualitative insights into retail investors’ perspectives

A Review of Sustainability Initiatives by Indian Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social trends, peer influence, personal attitudes regarding real estate purchase decisions, perception of long-term property value and the mediating effect of hedging in influencing property and real estate purchases. Design/methodology/approach Using a combination of quantitative surveys, this study aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the factors influencing real estate buying decisions. Data were obtained from 399 young consumers in four Indian cities. Using structural equation modeling, the suggested conceptual framework is examined. Findings The study’s findings suggest that attitude plays an important role in influencing real estate purchase decisions. Young adults also tend to look for long-term gains or value when purchasing a home. Developing durable products for the customers is the best way to grow business, according to the results. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that examines the role of sentimental, personal and financial factors in real estate purchase decisions. The study provides insights into how these factors interact and affect the decisions of consumers in real estate. The authors hope that the findings will be useful for real estate professionals to better tailor their services to meet the needs of their customers. 

Navigating real estate purchase decisions: an interplay of influential factors

PurposeIn 2014, real estate investment trust (REIT) emerged as a new alternative investment option in India. This research aims to give an empirical authentication of the Indian REITs performance from April 2019 to July 2022 across a range of investment variables.Design/methodology/approachUsing monthly total returns in Indian Rupee, risk-adjusted Indian REIT performance and investment portfolio characteristics are examined. Indian REITs' potential in a diversified multi-asset portfolio is analysed using the mean-variance analysis, asset allocation diagram and efficient frontier.FindingsDuring April 2019–July 2022, Indian REITs provided a lower return than stocks but outperformed bonds despite coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns, which hurt the traditional working from office concept. The study also examined REIT allocation to an Indian mixed-asset portfolio and the benefits of a diversified portfolio.Practical implicationsIndian REITs provide a liquid, transparent alternative to direct property for investors seeking exposure to Indian real estate markets. Indian REITs gave real estate companies an extra funding source and investors an alternate asset. This paper explores Indian REITs' potential opportunities, given that domestic and foreign investors' demand for transparent property investment in India. The analysis found a positive early performance despite a challenging environment.Originality/valueThis paper offers the first empirical performance validation of Indian REITs as a way to obtain exposure to commercial property in India and the REITs' role in a diversified asset portfolio. The authors' study improves investors' decision-making abilities by providing empirically validated, valuable and practicable property investing insights.

Analysis of the emergence and initial performance of REITs in India

Building construction: Impact of work from home on design and material choices

Exploring Current Research and Future Directions in Commercial Real Estate Investment

Eco-friendly & sustainable solutions for conflict affected areas: A case from red corridor region

At present, majority of the farmers in Punjab concentrate mainly on crop production which is subjected to a high degree of uncertainty in income and employment. In this contest, it is imperative to evolve a suitable strategy for augmenting the income of a farm. This study aimed at evaluating the economic viability of integrated farming system (IFS) approach in comparison to the rice–wheat production systems prevalent in north Indian state of Punjab. The study was conducted on an integrated model farm established in 2011–12 at the Research farm PAU, Ludhiana, under the project “All India Coordinated Research Project on Integrated Farming Systems (Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICAR)” and the net returns were compared with those from rice–wheat cropping system. The findings of the study revealed that the 1.0 ha model developed for marginal and small farmers gave gross returns of Rs. 702,341 ha−1 ($1004.87), variable costs incurred were Rs. 300,727 ha−1 ($4296.10), and net returns by deducting all variable costs were Rs. 401,614 ha−1 (5737.34), which were about four times higher than the prevailing rice–wheat cropping system. The average net returns obtained during 2011––12 to 2016––17 were Rs. 311,457 ($4449). IFS model showed benefit–cost (B:C) ratio of 1.34:1. In addition to this, the FS unit also provides more employment opportunities because of the addition of complementary enterprises in the farming system. Findings from this study suggest that extending the IFS further to the local farmers could serve as a light of prosperity for the smallholder farmers, who are the real victims of the post–green revolution agrarian crisis in Punjab agriculture.

Integration of efficient farm enterprises for livelihood security of small farmers

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Papers

Analysis of the emergence and initial performance of REITs in India

Building construction: Impact of work from home on design and material choices

Exploring Current Research and Future Directions in Commercial Real Estate Investment

Eco-friendly & sustainable solutions for conflict affected areas: A case from red corridor region

Integration of efficient farm enterprises for livelihood security of small farmers