Based on quaternion discrete cosine transform (QDCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD), a novel color image watermarking scheme using an optimized encrypted binary computer-generated hologram (CGH) as the watermark is presented. A Fibonacci transform-based binary CGH technique that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to improve the reconstructed image quality has been proposed to generate a hologram of a watermark. By use of QDCT, the host color image is treated holistically as a vector field. The component of the host color image after QDCT, which is suitable for embedding watermark, is analyzed. With SVD, the mark CGH is inserted into the host color image by modifying the U matrix. To embed the binary CGH, multiple embedding strength factors are used in this study. To withstand the geometric attacks, based on Zernike moment algorithm and invariant centroid, an improved geometric distortion detection algorithm is proposed. Considering the significant color information, this algorithm is performed on the color invariance model. To obtain better imperceptibility and robustness, PSO is used for finding the proper multiple embedding strength factors. Compared with traditional geometric estimation method, the improved algorithm can estimate the transform parameters of the geometric distorted color image more accurately. Experimental results show that the proposed color image watermarking is not only secure and invisible, but also robust against common image processing operations and geometrical distortions.

A QDCT- and SVD-based color image watermarking scheme using an optimized encrypted binary computer-generated hologram

Digital Watermarking is a technique which embeds a watermark signal into the host image in order to authenticate it. In their previous work, a binary watermark pattern was constructed from the information content of the image by selecting the minimum value from every block of size 2x2, and was disordered with the help of Arnold Transform but which was not showing a fine robustness against compression and rotation operation. As a solution to this issue, an innovative watermarking scheme is proposed. According to this, the low frequency sub-band of wavelet domain and the rescaled version of original image are utilized in the watermark construction process. A scrambled version of watermark is obtained with the help of Arnold Transform. The operation of embedding and extraction of watermark is done in high frequency domain of Discrete Wavelet Transform since small modifications in this domain are not perceived by human eyes. This watermarking scheme deals with the extraction of the watermark information in the absence of original image, hence the blind scheme was obtained. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Similarity Ratio (SR) are computed to measure image quality. In addition, the competency of the proposed method is verified under common image processing operations and a comparative study is made against the previous technique.

An Improved Invisible Watermarking Technique for Image Authentication

Digital watermarking is one of the most powerful tools used in ownership and copyrights protection in digital media. This paper presents a blind digital video watermarking technique based on a combination scheme between the Discrete Wavelet transform in (DWT) and the real Schur Decomposition. The scheme starts with applying two-level DWT to the video scene followed by Schur decomposition in which the binary watermark bits are embedded in the resultant block upper triangular matrix. The proposed technique shows high efficiency due to the use of Schur decomposition which requires fewer computations compared to other transforms. The imperceptibility of the scheme is also very high due to the use of DWT transform; therefore, no visual distortion is noticed in the watermarked video after embedding. Furthermore, the technique proves to be robust against set of standard attacks like: Gaussian, salt and pepper and rotation and some video attacks such as: frame dropping, cropping and averaging. Both capacity and blindness features are also considered and achieved in this technique.

/pdf/a-blind-dwt-schur-based-digital-video-watermarking-technique-2npjxl3267.pdf

A Blind DWT-SCHUR Based Digital Video Watermarking Technique

Via the Internet, the information infrastructure of modern health care has already established medical information systems to share electronic health records among patients and health care providers. Data hiding plays an important role to protect medical images. Because modern medical devices have improved, high resolutions of medical images are provided to detect early diseases. The high quality medical images are used to recognize complicated anatomical structures such as soft tissues, muscles, and internal organs to support diagnosis of diseases. For instance, 16-bit depth medical images will provide 65,536 discrete levels to show more details of anatomical structures. In general, the feature of low utilization rate of intensity in 16-bit depth will be utilized to handle overflow/underflow problem. Nowadays, most of data hiding algorithms are still experimenting on 8-bit depth medical images. We proposed a novel reversible data hiding scheme testing on 16-bit depth CT and MRI medical image. And the peak point and zero point of a histogram are applied to embed secret message k bits without salt-and-pepper.

Reversible and High-Capacity Data Hiding in High Quality Medical Images

In this paper, we propose an effective fragile image watermarking scheme for tampering detection and content recovery. Cover image is divided into a series of non-overlapping blocks and a block mapping relationship is constructed by the secret key. Several DCT coefficients with direct current and lower frequencies of the MSBs for each block are used to generate the reference bits, and different coefficients are assigned with different bit numbers for representation according to their importance. To enhance recovery performance, authentication bits are generated by the MSBs and the reference bits, respectively. After LSB substitution hiding, the embedded watermark bits in each block consist of the information of itself and its mapping blocks. On the receiver side, all blocks with tampered MSBs can be detected and recovered using the valid extracted reference bits. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Effective Fragile Watermarking for Image Authentication with High-quality Recovery Capability

http://www.iajet.org/documents/vol.2/no.3/A%20Novel%20DWT%20Based%20Invisible%20Watermarking%20Technique%20for%20Digital%20Images.pdf

A Novel DWT Based Invisible Watermarking Technique for Digital Images.

The central idea of this paper is to develop an algorithm that embeds the watermark information in host image to authenticate it. The host image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of size 2x2. Minimum value is obtained from each block and the resultant matrix is scrambled for three times with Arnold transform to enhance security. From the transformed matrix a binary watermark is constructed and is embedded within the host image. The operation of embedding and extraction of watermark is done in high frequency domain of Discrete Wavelet Transform since small modifications in this domain are not perceived by human eyes. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is checked against various common image processing attacks. This watermarking scheme deals with the extraction of the watermark information in the absence of original image, so the blind scheme was obtained.

Feature Based Watermarking Algorithm by Adopting Arnold Transform

Digital watermarking is an effective and popular technique for discouraging illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted digital image information, which in turn provides an alternative solution for image authentication. This paper proposes an innovative watermarking scheme in which some pixels are randomly selected from original image, so that all of them have a valid 3×3 neighborhoods. A binary sequence is constructed from those pixels by comparing them against average values of their neighborhoods. The binary sequence is then converted into a watermark pattern in the form of a Toeplitz matrix to improve security of watermarking process and is then embedded within the host image. The operation of embedding and extraction of watermark is done in high frequency domain of Discrete Wavelet Transform. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated against some of the incidental image processing attacks. Finally computer simulations of the proposed method are compared with the recent algorithm that had been proposed in [8].

Application of Toeplitz matrix in watermarking for image authentication

The central idea of this paper is to propose an innovative watermarking scheme for digital image authentication which withstands common image processing attacks. Some pixels are randomly selected from original image, so that all of them have a valid 3×3 neighborhoods. A binary sequence is constructed from those pixels by comparing them against average values of neighborhoods. The binary sequence is then converted into a watermark pattern in the form of a Hankel matrix to improve security of watermarking process and is then embedded within the host image. The operation of embedding and extraction of watermark is done in high frequency domain of Discrete Wavelet Transform since small modifications in this domain are not perceived by human eyes. This watermarking scheme deals with the extraction of the watermark information in the absence of original image, hence the blind scheme was obtained.

Feature based blind approach for robust watermarking

Digital Watermarking is a technique which embeds a watermark signal into the host image in order to authenticate it. In our previous work [6], a watermark pattern was constructed from the information content of the image in the form of a Hankel matrix, but which was not robust against rotation operation. This paper proposes an innovative watermarking scheme, in which low frequency subband of wavelet domain and the rescaled version of original image are utilized in the watermark generation process. A scrambled version of watermark is obtained with the help of Arnold Transform. The operation of embedding and extraction of watermark are done in high frequency domain of Discrete Wavelet Transform since small modifications in this domain are not perceived by human eyes. This watermarking scheme deals with the extraction of the watermark information in the absence of original image, hence the blind scheme was obtained. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Similarity Ratio (SR) are computed to measure image quality. In addition, the competency of proposed method is verified under common image processing operations and a comparative study is made against the technique proposed in [6].

/pdf/a-novel-dwt-based-blind-watermarking-for-image-47c23whgqg.pdf

A Novel DWT Based Blind Watermarking for Image Authentication

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