Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: a review.

10 kinetic models are studied in detail and used after to model the adsorption kinetics of lead on an activated carbon. All the kinetics parameters are determined: coefficients of diffusion, rate constants and maximum lead adsorption, then, compared to the literature data. The data are better simulated by the nonlinear models in the order: simplified Elovich > Elovich > Bangham > pseudo order n  > Boyd, Crank long times > pseudo order 2 > Crank > Weber and Morris > Langmuir, pseudo order 1 > pore volume and surface diffusion model by Leyva Ramos > simplified Crank short times. It is one of the first times that the kinetics of adsorption are fitted by the entire true Crank model. The kinetics of lead adsorption by the activated carbon are best described by the Elovich equation: Q = 1 / β Ln α β t with α equal to 0.035 mg g −1  s −1 and β to 0.134 g mg −1 .

A review of the kinetics adsorption models and their application to the adsorption of lead by an activated carbon

https://escholarship.org/content/qt50r1b9sg/qt50r1b9sg.pdf?t=ok16ag

Engineered nanomaterials for water treatment and remediation: Costs, benefits, and applicability

Heavy metals are discharged into water from various industries. They can be toxic or carcinogenic in nature and can cause severe problems for humans and aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the removal of heavy metals from wastewater is a serious problem. The adsorption process is widely used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater because of its low cost, availability and eco-friendly nature. Both commercial adsorbents and bioadsorbents are used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, with high removal capacity. This review article aims to compile scattered information on the different adsorbents that are used for heavy metal removal and to provide information on the commercially available and natural bioadsorbents used for removal of chromium, cadmium and copper, in particular.

/pdf/heavy-metal-removal-from-wastewater-using-various-adsorbents-dbzgdo0aua.pdf

Heavy metal removal from wastewater using various adsorbents: a review

In oil and gas industry, produced water is considered as the largest waste stream, which contains relatively higher concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other pollutants. Due to the increase in industrial activities, the generation of produced water has increased all over the world and its treatment for reuse is now important from environmental perspective. Treatment of produced water can be done through various methods including physical (membrane filtration, adsorption etc.), chemical (precipitation, oxidation), and biological (activated sludge, biological aerated filters and others) methods. This paper aims to highlight characteristics of produced water in detail and physical, chemical, and biological techniques used for its treatment. In addition, reuse of produced water for different purposes has been discussed. At the end, few case studies from different countries, related to the treatment and reuse of their produced waters have been included.

Produced water characteristics, treatment and reuse: A review

Diesel engine performance and emission evaluation using emulsified fuels stabilized by conventional and gemini surfactants

Sorption of lead from aqueous solution by chemically modified carbon adsorbents.

Leaves, stems and fruit peelings of chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) were successfully utilized for the accumulation of lead ions from aqueous solutions onto their surfaces. The rate and extent of accumulation were affected by pH, particle size, contact time and the initial concentration of Pb(II) ions, respectively. The sorption capacities of leaves, stems and fruit peelings towards Pb(II) ions were found to be 81.30, 80.10 and 53.26%, respectively, at an initial Pb(II) ion concentration of 200 mg/dm3, optimum pH conditions of 6.0, a particle size of 0.354 mm and a contact time of 120 min. Most of the sorption occurred within the first 15 min and attained a maximum value after 120 min. The Bangham equation was used to express the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption rates of Pb(II) ions were found to decrease in the order: leaves > stems > fruit peelings. Possible cell–metal ion interactions may be due to the involvement of –COOH, –OH and –NH groups in the sorption process. The obtained sorption data were ...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1260/026361706778812844

Sorption of Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution by Chickpea Leaves, Stems and Fruit Peelings

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Diesel engine performance and emission evaluation using emulsified fuels stabilized by conventional and gemini surfactants

Sorption of lead from aqueous solution by chemically modified carbon adsorbents.

Sorption of Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution by Chickpea Leaves, Stems and Fruit Peelings