A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

Plasmonic assisted systems and methods for interior energy-activation from an exterior source

In the present work, cesium iodide (CsI) thin films of different thickness have been prepared by thermal evaporation technique. The crystallite size and grain size of these films are compared by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile analysis as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) counting, respectively. These two methods provide less deviation between crystallite size and grain size in the case of thin CsI films of 4 nm, but there is comparatively large difference in case of thicker CsI films (20 nm, 100 nm and 500 nm). It indicates that dislocations are arranged in a configuration which causes small orientational difference between two adjacent coherent regions. The size obtained from XRD corresponds to two separate regions, whereas in the TEM micrograph the two regions may seem to correspond one region particularly in case of thicker films. Other physical parameters such as strain, stress and deformation energy density are also estimated precisely for the prominent XRD peaks of thicker CsI films in the range $2\theta = 20^{0}-80^{0}$ by using a modified Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis assuming uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform deformation stress model (UDSM) and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM).

Structural characterization of as-deposited cesium iodide films studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques

A detailed study of the stability of CsI and KBr photocathodes under UV irradiation is presented. UV quantum efficiency degradation was found to be more pronounced at lower illumination intensity for the same accumulated dose and illumination wavelength. For an equal number of extracted photoelectrons in-band UV exposure led to a larger sensitivity decay as compared to out-of-band illumination. The angle of radiation incidence was not important for the UV sensitivity degradation, while changes of visible light rejection (i.e. degradation of solar blindness) did depend on the incidence angle: the photocathodes illuminated at normal incidence were activated much faster than the films irradiated at grazing angle. We found that the increase of visible sensitivity can be characterized by the total accumulated dose and is independent of irradiation flux during UV activation. We also observed that heat annealing substantially improves the visible light rejection of CsI photocathodes.

/pdf/uv-radiation-resistance-and-solar-blindness-of-csi-and-kbr-30cadhn096.pdf

UV radiation resistance and solar blindness of CsI and KBr photocathodes

The degradation of CsI thin film photocathodes (PCs) under UltraViolet (UV) irradiation has been investigated by measuring the photocurrent as well as the absolute Quantum Efficiency (QE) as a function of the accumulated charge density. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and UV Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) have been employed to study the surface morphology and the local QE of polycrystalline CsI thin films and their transformation due to UV irradiation. The photoemissive properties of CsI PCs, together with their surface morphology, have been found to be strongly affected by the UV photon ageing.

Ageing of CsI thin film photocathodes induced by UV photons

The optical constants of thin films of CsI, KI, and KBr and the quantum efficiency (QE) of planar photocathodes made with these alkali halides in the 53.6-174.4-nm spectral range are presented. The optical constants were obtained from measurements of the reflectance as a function of incidence angle. The effect of film heating and exposure to UV irradiation on the optical properties and on the QE of the three alkali halides was investigated. KBr was found to be the most stable material for both heating and UV irradiation. KI appeared to be close to temperature stable, whereas UV exposure affected its optical constants. CsI optical constants changed after 420 K heating and after UV exposure. The changes in the optical constants were related to the QE changes, and a certain correlation between both variations was determined. However, it was also demonstrated that the QE changes cannot be explained solely by the changes in optical constants.

/pdf/optical-properties-and-quantum-efficiency-of-thin-film-1dm7e70r3a.pdf

Optical properties and quantum efficiency of thin-film alkali halides in the far ultraviolet

Transmission electron microscopy has been employed to study the structure of polycrystalline CsI thin "lms and its transformation under exposure to humid air and UV irradiation. The catastrophic degradation of CsI thin "lm photocathode performance is shown to be associated with the "lm dissolving followed by its re-crystallization. This results in the formation of large lumps of CsI crystal on the substrate surface, so that the "lm becomes discontinuous and its performance as a photocathode is permanently degraded. No change in the surface morphology and the "lm crystalline structure was observed after the samples were UV irradiated. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Structural transformation of CsI thin film photocathodes under exposure to air and UV irradiation

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

S Ruvimov

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Structural transformation of CsI thin film photocathodes under exposure to air and UV irradiation