Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis essential oils on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Using organic insecticides including plant oils, it is possible to design a new perspective for the control of insect pests. In this research, nanoemulsion formulations of Mentha piperita, wild-type essential oil (EO) were prepared utilizing high-energy ultrasonication process. Physicochemical properties of nanoemulsions were precisely studied by measurement various parameters including pH, viscosity, conductivity, and zeta potential. Experimental design by the aid of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to highlight the physicochemical roles of EO percentage (1% to 5% (v/v)) and surfactant concentration (3% to 15% (v/v)) for achieving minimum droplet diameter with high physical stability. The nanoemulsion formulations were then characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and optical clarity. Afterward, an appropriate model between the variable factors (EO percentage and surfactant concentration) and the response (hydrodynamic particle size) was statistically developed. Under the optimum conditions, nanoemulsion with hydrodynamic particle size less than 10 nm with high physical stability is obtainable. Bioassay experiments were carried out to elucidate the effects of nanoemulsion on the cotton aphid. Synthesized nanoemulsion formulations showed relatively high contact toxicity (average value of LC50 was about 3879.5 ± 16.2 μl a.i./L) against the pest. On the basis of the obtained results, prepared nanoemulsion using M. piperita is potentially applicable as organic insecticides against cotton aphid.

Eco-friendly pesticide based on peppermint oil nanoemulsion: preparation, physicochemical properties, and its aphicidal activity against cotton aphid

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is a wild aromatic plant that laboratorial works have demonstrated the insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of myrtle essent...

Myrtus communis essential oils: insecticidal, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities: a review

We examined the repellent, insecticidal, and anti-oviposition activities of the ethanol-extracted essential oil of Gardenia jasminoides against Bemisia tabaci and Tetranychus urticae adult and nymph stages under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. We used GC-MS to identify the main chemicals in the essential oil and selected four compounds, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9–12-octadecadienoic, to evaluate their activity on whiteflies and mites. In the laboratory experiments, the essential oil of G. jasminoides showed maximum effects in fumigation against whitefly adults (81.48%) and contact toxicity against whitefly nymphs (46.44%), adult mites (49.81%), and mite nymphs (66.46%). In the greenhouse experiments, squalene showed maximum repellency against whitefly adults at 24 (89.59%) and 48 h (84.76%), whitefly nymphal toxicity at 24 (80.08%) and 48 h (77.28%), and mite toxicity at 24 (78.74%) and 48 h (73.86%). The essential oil showed maximum anti-oviposition activity against whiteflies at 24 (63.58%) and 48 h (59.56%) and toxicity to mite nymphs at 24 (82.45%) and 48 h (57.14%) in the bioassay. The essential oil had LC50 values of 2396.457, 2844.958, 56,990.975 and 21,468.619 against whitefly adults, whitefly nymphs, mite adults and mite nymphs, respectively. G. jasminoides and its major chemicals may effectively control the whiteflies and mites.

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Repellency, toxicity, and anti-oviposition of essential oil of Gardenia jasminoides and its four major chemical components against whiteflies and mites.

To introduce ecologically safe acaricide, effects of essential oils derived from Cuminum cyminum (Cumin), Syzygium aromaticum (Clove), and Mentha spicata (Spearmint) were determined on Tetranychus urticae at 25±1 � C, 65±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hour. The essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation were characterized by means of GC and GC–MS. Bioassays were performed by filter paper diffusion without allowing direct contact. Cumin, clove, and spearmint oils contained �- Pinene (29.1%), eugenol (78.5%) and carvone (59.4%), respectively, as the major compounds. The lowest LC 50 value for adults was recorded for cumin oil (3.74 µL L -1 air) followed by clove (6.13 µL L -1 air) and spearmint (7.53 µL L -1 air). The highest ovicidal activity was recorded for cumin oil (LC 50 = 7.65 µL L -1 air) followed by clove (LC 50 = 8.73 µL L -1 air) and spearmint (LC 50 = 9.01 µL L -1 air). According to repellency tests, by increasing concentration of oils, the repellency effects were increased. The most potent repellency effect was recorded for clove, followed by spearmint and cumin oils. The three extracted essential oils seem to be suitable sources of active vapors that can be used as alternatives for chemical pesticides for controlling this pest.

Toxicity and Repellency Effects of Three Plant Essential Oils Against Two-spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most injurious pests of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide, both outdoor and indoors. Currently the main method of control of this pest is through application of pesticides which is mostly accompanied by the resistance of the pest against pesticide(s). The resurgence of resistant mite populations brings about further contamination of foodstuff and environment. Essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of plants may have the potential to be an alternative to synthetic pesticides, since they have been demonstrated to posses a wide range of bioactivities against insects and mites. So, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of essential oils extracted from three different medicinal plants namely: Mentha longifolia , Salvia officialis (both Lamiaceae) and Myrtus communis (Myrtaceae) against T. urticae . The LC 50 values of essential oils of M. longifolia , M. communis , and S. officialis against T. urticae were 20.08, 53.22, 60.93 µl L -1 air, respectively. This shows that M. longifolia possesses the highest lethal activity whereas S. officialis the lowest. Also, essential oils of M. longifolia , M. communis , and S. officialis were demonstrated to possess repellency effect with ED 50 s of 147.47, 138.80 and 164.41, µl L -1 air, respectively. These data suggest that essential oils of all the three plants have the potential to be employed in the pest management programs designed for a control of T. urticae under greenhouse conditions.

Toxicity and repellency effects of three essential oils against tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae)

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Toxicity and repellency effects of three essential oils against tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae)