Gigantic data transfer over networks and internet turned in developing a large number of encryption techniques. As a consequence, in parallel, it gave birth to new plans of attacks. In facet of data security, the algorithms specifically Rijndael (Advanced Encryption Standard-AES), SERPENT and TWOFISH are equally considered to be the best. However, they pay less attention in some cryptographic areas like digital image encryption schemes because of their time consumption inferiority. In this paper, we introduce a time diminishing improved version of SERPENT algorithm depending upon chain ring-based substitution boxes (S-boxes) dealing with 8-bit vector instead of 4-bit. The multiplicative substructures in a chain ring have multiple generators and thus the chain ring based S-boxes improve the algebraic complexity of the cipher. Apart from it, the algorithm is utilized in a digital RGB image encryption application where throughout the chain ring operations are performed. The digital image analyses reveal that the proposed scheme consumes less time (i.e. 8.2 microseconds for encryption and 5.8 microseconds for decryption of a 128-bit block) as compared to the existing prominent RGB image encryption techniques. Furthermore, the investigation on the suggested RGB image encryption scheme it is observed that it has a great resistance against the statistical and the differential attacks.

/pdf/improved-serpent-algorithm-design-to-rgb-image-encryption-5cxferf9gf.pdf

Improved SERPENT Algorithm: Design to RGB Image Encryption Implementation

In Aesthetic Computing, key scholars and practitioners from art, design, computer science, and mathematics lay the foundations for a discipline that applies the theory and practice of art to computing. Aesthetic computing explores the way art and aesthetics can play a role in different areas of computer science. One of its goals is to modify computer science by the application of the wide range of definitions and categories normally associated with making art. For example, structures in computing might be represented using the style of Gaudi or the Bauhaus school. This goes beyond the usual definition of aesthetics in computing, which most often refers to the formal, abstract qualities of such structures--a beautiful proof, or an elegant diagram. The contributors to this book discuss the broader spectrum of aesthetics--from abstract qualities of symmetry and form to ideas of creative expression and pleasure--in the context of computer science. The assumption behind aesthetic computing is that the field of computing will be enriched if it embraces all of aesthetics. Human-computer interaction will benefit--"usability," for example, could refer to improving a user's emotional state--and new models of learning will emerge.Aesthetic Computing approaches its subject from a variety of perspectives. After defining the field and placing it in its historical context, the book looks at art and design, mathematics and computing, and interface and interaction. Contributions range from essays on the art of visualization and "the poesy of programming" to discussions of the aesthetics of mathematics throughout history and transparency and reflectivity in interface design.Contributors:James Alty, Olav W. Bertelsen, Jay David Bolter, Donna Cox, Stephan Diehl, Mark d'Inverno, Mic hele Emmer, Paul Fishwick, Monica Fleischmann, Ben Fry, Carsten GA¯Â?Â?A¯Â?Â?rg, Susanne Grabowski, Diane Gromala, Kenneth A. Huff, John Lee, Frederic Fol Leymarie, Michael Leyton, Jonas LA¯Â?Â?A¯Â?Â?wgren, Roger F. Malina, Laurent Mignonneau, Frieder Nake, Ray Paton, Jane Prophet, Aaron Quigley, Casey Reas, Christa Sommerer, Wolfgang Strauss, Noam Tractinksy, Paul Vickers, Dror Zmiri

Mathematics and Computing

The popularization of 5G and the development of cloud computing further promote the application of images. The storage of images in an untrusted environment has a great risk of privacy leakage. This paper outlines a design for a lightweight image encryption algorithm based on a message-passing algorithm with a chaotic external message. The message-passing (MP) algorithm allows simple messages to be passed locally for the solution to a global problem, which causes the interaction among adjacent pixels without additional space cost. This chaotic system can generate high pseudorandom sequences with high speed performance. A two-dimensional logistic map is utilized as a pseudorandom sequence generator to yield the external message sets of edge pixels. The external message can affect edge pixels, and then adjacent pixels interact with each other to produce an encrypted image. A MATLAB simulation shows the cipher-image performs fairly uniform distribution and has acceptable information entropy of 7.996749. The proposed algorithm reduces correlation coefficients from plain-image 1 to its cipher-image 0, which covers all of the plain-image characters with high computational efficiency (speed = 18.200374 Mbit/s). Theoretical analyses and experimental results prove the proposed algorithm’s persistence to various existing attacks with low cost.

/pdf/a-lightweight-image-encryption-algorithm-based-on-message-1vlhagnb4y.pdf

A Lightweight Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Message Passing and Chaotic Map

With the recent tremendous growth in technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) Telecare Medicine Information System (TMIS) is the most widely used medical information system with prominent achievements. Authentication schemes, which use Smart cards, offer the best solution for TMIS applications that in turn provide efficiency and security. Furthermore, authentication schemes that combine passwords and smart cards are considered to be an effective solution for the two-factor authentication scheme. Such schemes contribute to high security along with the public-key cryptosystem. In this research work, a two-factor authentication technique that is both efficient and secure, which makes use of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) with smart cards, has been proposed. Here, we have used the fundamental assumptions of strong and collision free cryptographic Hash function and Elliptic Curve arithmetic. The proposed authentication technique protects user privacy by allowing registered users to change their passwords without revealing their identity to the server. The proposed authentication scheme has been subjected to formal and informal security investigations. In terms of efficiency and performance, the proposed two-factor authentication technique was compared with the existing relevant two-factor authentication schemes based on ECC. This scheme satisfies the two-factor authentication scheme's basic security standards.

/pdf/dependable-and-provable-secure-two-factor-mutual-3rqh9kvs.pdf

Dependable and Provable Secure Two-Factor Mutual Authentication Scheme Using ECC for IoT-Based Telecare Medical Information System

Int J Commun Syst. 2019;32:e3839. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.3839 Summary Initially, Internet has evolved as a resource sharing model where resources are identified by IP addresses. However, with rapid technological advancement, resources/hardware has become cheap and thus, the need of sharing hardware over Internet is reduced. Moreover, people are using Internet mainly for information exchange and hence, Internet has gradually shifted from resource sharing to information sharing model. To meet the recent growing demand of information exchange, Content Centric Network (CCN) is envisaged as a clean‐slate future network architecture which is specially destined for smooth content distribution over Internet. In CCN, content is easily made available using network caching mechanism which is misaligned with the existing business policy of content providers/publishers in IP‐based Internet. Hence, the transition from contemporary IP‐based Internet to CCN demands attention for redesigning the business policy of the content publishers/providers. In this paper, we have proposed efficient and secure communication protocols for flexible CCN business model to protect the existing business policies of the content publisher while maintaining the salient CCN features like in‐network content caching and Interest packet aggregation. To enhance the efficiency and security, the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is used. The proposed ECC‐based scheme is analyzed to show that it is resilient to relevant existing cryptographic attacks. The performance analysis in terms of less computation and communication overheads and increased efficiency is given. Moreover, a formal security verification of the proposed scheme is done using widely used AVISPA simulator and BAN logic that shows our scheme is well secured.

/pdf/efficient-and-secure-business-model-for-content-centric-walyh2xauq.pdf

Efficient and secure business model for content centric network using elliptic curve cryptography

Genetic algorithms (GAs) have proved to be a powerful tool in cryptography. The standard advanced standard encryption (AES) algorithm incurs high computation costs and has problems in pattern formation when applied to image encryption. It is also prone to the differential and side channel attacks. In this paper, a modification of AES has been proposed for high-definition (HD) Image Encryption that uses a genetic approach for the S - Box Generation and Key Expansion processes. S - Boxes have been evolved to have high non-linearity and low transparency. Also, in the key generation, the process has been randomised by using only genetic operators. As a result of applying genetic modifications to AES, the proposed algorithm has been found to be more secure against the differential and side-channel attacks and shows reduced pattern appearance when applied for encryption of HD images.

Modification of AES using genetic algorithms for high-definition image encryption

Several password authentication schemes utilizing smart cards have been proposed in the literature. Recently Kumar et al. proposed a new authentication scheme to access remote server over insecure channels. They also claimed that their scheme is able to resist various attacks. However, in this paper we demonstrate that Kumar et al. scheme is still vulnerable to various malicious attacks and is aslo unable to provide several essential security properties.

Security on "Secure Remote Login Scheme with Password and Smart Card Update Facilities".

Remote authentication scheme utilising smart cards have become a prevalent concept due to their convenience and simplicity. Recently, Lee (2015) proposed a low cost authentication scheme without verifier tables. However, in this paper we show that Lee's scheme is susceptible to various attacks and fails to provide essential security properties. We then present our own scheme and perform an informal analysis to substantiate the claim that our scheme is able to resist the previous scheme's weaknesses.

Design and analysis of smart card-based authentication scheme for secure transactions

As we are in the world of emerging technologies people have more awareness about it especially Smartphone’s. Usage of Smartphone’s has been increased tremendously. Different operating systems (OS) are used in smart phones such as MAC OS, Android, and Windows OS etc. Most of the applications are run on their appropriate platform. Cloud is the simplest way to run certain application over cross platforms. Many cloud vendors are there who provides several kinds of applications and software which can be accessed by the users. In that Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) helps us to create a cloud application over the market. However there will be chances to occur Interoperability issues while users were working on a cross platforms. In order to overcome this issue a framework has been proposed named Mobile Cloud Middleware (MCM). MCM will recover the interoperability issues over multiple cloud services on mobile devices. Here in this paper we proposed effective result to solve the Interoperability issue by integrating Mobile Enterprise with MCM.

Smarter Way to Access Multiple Mobile Cloud Applications without Interoperability Issues

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Papers

Modification of AES using genetic algorithms for high-definition image encryption

Security on "Secure Remote Login Scheme with Password and Smart Card Update Facilities".

Design and analysis of smart card-based authentication scheme for secure transactions

Smarter Way to Access Multiple Mobile Cloud Applications without Interoperability Issues