Fiber optic sensors have become a mainstream sensing technology within a large array of applications due to their inherent benefits. They are now used significantly in structural health monitoring, and are an essential solution for monitoring harsh environments. Since their first development over 30 years ago, they have also found promise in security applications. This paper reviews all of the optical fiber-based techniques used in physical intrusion detection systems. It details the different approaches used for sensing, interrogation, and networking, by research groups, attempting to secure both commercial and residential premises from physical security breaches. The advantages and the disadvantages of the systems are discussed, and each of the different perimeter protection methods is outlined, namely, in-ground, perimeter fence, and window and door protection. This paper reviews the progress in optical fiber-based intrusion detection techniques from the past through to the current state-of-the-art systems and identifies areas, which may provide opportunities for improvement, as well as proposing future directions in this field.

/pdf/optical-fiber-sensors-in-physical-intrusion-detection-10e9q7urh6.pdf

Optical Fiber Sensors in Physical Intrusion Detection Systems: A Review

Since late 70s, (quasi-)distributed OFS have been developed, 12 countries producing 85% of the global effort. Since mid-80s, OFS has caught attention in many sectors where SHM is a matter of concern (civil engineering, composites, oil & gas, renewable energies, safety...). Today, OFS is became a strategic domain, especially in Asia, and China invests a lot since 7-8 years. Top 12 countries involved in SHM are, almost the same than in OFS, having published 80% of the total. Statistics proves that OFS is now the second sensing technology for SHM, and 2/3 concern the FBG sensing.

https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01021251/document

The Evolution of Optical Fiber Sensors Technologies During the 35 Last Years and Their Applications in Structure Health Monitoring

The primary aim of this issue of MRS Bulletin is to present an overview of the deployment of optical-fiber sensors in a selected range of applications. The topics covered include a general introduction to optical fibers; a review of the sensing mechanisms that are available to monitor strain, temperature, pressure, chemical species, damage, and acoustic emission; and the use of optical-fiber sensors in medical applications. This introductory article presents a brief discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of optical-fiber sensors.

Optical-Fiber Sensors

Le travail de these presente dans ce memoire vise a developper et valider une technique de suivi d’ouvertures de fissures a l'aide de mesures reparties de deformation par fibres optiques. Dans un premier temps les differentes theories existantes sur le transfert de deformation du materiau hote vers la fibre optique sont presentees avec leurs domaine de validite. Le probleme de l’adhesion parfaite entre couche est ensuite etudie et un modele analytique a trois couches tenant compte d’une adhesion imparfaite est elabore. Ce modele est ensuite generalise aux systemes multicouches. Les etudes experimentales validant ce nouveau modele sont alors presentees. Elles montrent qu’il est possible de suivre les ouvertures de fissures jusqu’a 1000 μm avec une erreur inferieure a 10% avec un câble a fibre optique colle en surface. Les câbles noyes dans le beton donnent des resultats moins justes. La justesse des mesures est aussi influencee par le type de câble, la longueur d’ancrage et le durcissement du beton. Enfin, les resultats des etudes de cas sur des echantillons en beton arme de laboratoire sont presentes. Elles montrent la capacite des fibres a detecter des fissures aussi precocement que les capteurs acoustiques a ultrasons et de surveiller l’ouverture de micro fissures multiples.

Distributed fiber optics sensing for crack monitoring of concrete structures

Experimental Evaluation of a Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor for Mining Application

Security is a rising market, and solutions based on distributed sensing provide answers adapted to requests of citizens and
industrials. We developed the SMARTFENCE concept, to provide an innovative solution for enhanced perimeter
security of critical infrastructures. It includes a new kind of optical cable deployed on fences, a Brillouin instrumentation,
and a dedicated signal processing. Several 20 m-long fences were equipped with such sensing cable and tested by
commandos, then intrusion signals were used to develop the signal processing. Field trials resulted in a very sensitive
solution, thanks to an innovative deployment procedure of optical cables on fences. The project ends with a long term
demonstration: an electrical substation, 670 m perimeter, has been equipped with the fiber sensing cable, on two fence
levels. This validation provides an important experience feedback and the monitoring system validation.

Brillouin sensing for perimetric detection: the SmartFence project

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Brillouin sensing for perimetric detection: the SmartFence project