The CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) provides antiproton beams with a kinetic energy of 5.3MeV to an active user community. The experiments would profit from a lower beam energy, but this extractio...

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2017.0266

The ELENA facility

The RFQD decelerates antiprotons from a momentum of 100 MeV/c (kinetic energy 5.31 MeV) down to a kinetic energy variable between /spl sim/10 keV and 120 keV A novel feature is the implementation of a floating internal RF structure, mounted on HV insulators, to allow continuous post-deceleration or acceleration by a DC bias. A description of the system is given, followed by reports on the first operating experience with the ASACUSA experiment, dedicated performance measurements and consolidation progress.

/pdf/first-operating-experience-with-the-cern-decelerating-rfq-1ezk45hx8d.pdf

First operating experience with the CERN decelerating RFQ for antiprotons

This report sums up in two volumes the first 50 years of operation of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. After an introduction on the genesis of the machine, and a description of its magnet and powering systems, the first volume focuses on some of the many innovations in accelerator physics and instrumentation that it has pioneered, such as transition crossing, RF gymnastics, extractions, phase space tomography, or transverse emittance measurement by wire scanners. The second volume describes the other machines in the PS complex: the proton linear accelerators, the PS Booster, the LEP pre-injector, the heavy-ion linac and accumulator, and the antiproton rings.

/pdf/fifty-years-of-the-cern-proton-synchrotron-volume-2-3de7u29zph.pdf

Fifty years of the CERN Proton Synchrotron : Volume 2

https://cds.cern.ch/record/806278/files/ab-2004-098.pdf

The CERN Low-Energy Antiproton Programme: the Synchrotrons

For experiments with fast charged particles in storage rings, techniques for beam cooling have been developed for more than two decades. Stochastic cooling is most powerful for hot beams. Great progress has been made in its application to antiprotons. It will also be crucial for fast accumulation of rare isotope beams. Electron cooling, which is most beneficial for highly charged ions, is a reliable technique for lower energies. It can produce beams of exceptional phase space density, even entering the regime of ordering phenomena. Laser cooling is useful when a beam has to be cooled to its ultimate longitudinal temperature but suffers from the unavailability of direct transverse cooling. An introduction and a description of recent advances in the cooling of fast particles are given.

Cooling of fast charged particle beams

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is a simplified source of antiprotons which provides low energy antiprotons for experiments, replacing four machines: AC (Antiproton Collector), AA (Antiproton Accumulator); PS and LEAR (Low Energy Antiproton Ring), shutdown in 1996. The former AC was modified to include deceleration and electron cooling. The AD started operation in July 2000 and has since delivered cooled beam at 100 MeV/c (kinetic energy of 5.3 MeV) to 3 experiments (ASACUSA, ATHENA and ATRAP) for 1500 h. The flux (up to 2.5 /spl times/ 10 pbar /s delivered in short pulses of 330 ns every 110 s) and the quality of the ejected beam are not far from the design specifications. A linear RF quadrupole decelerator (RFQD) was commissioned in November 2000 to post-decelerate the beam for ASACUSA from 5.3 MeV to about 15 keV. Problems encountered in converting the fixed energy AC into a decelerating machine will be outlined, and the present status of the AD, including the performance of the cooling systems and the special diagnostics to cope with beams of less than 10/sup 7/ pbars, will be reviewed. Possible future developments will be sketched.

/pdf/commissioning-and-first-operation-of-the-antiproton-11aqec52eq.pdf

Commissioning and first operation of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD)

The Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) project started in June 2011 and is aimed at substantially increasing the number of antiprotons delivered to the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) physics community. ELENA will be a small machine that receives antiprotons from AD at 5.3 MeV kinetic energy and decelerates them further down to 100 keV. It will be equipped with an electron cooler to avoid beam losses during deceleration and to reduce beam phase space at extraction. Design work is progressing with emphasis on machine parameters and design as well as infrastructure, ring, transfer lines and vital subsystem design.

The elena project : progress in the design

The antiproton decelerator (AD) has been running successfully for physics for the past two years After the end of the commissioning period [1] that finished in 2000, the machine has gradually been improved The main efforts were concentrated on increasing the beam intensity, reducing the cycle length and improving the machine stability The intensity of the injected beam has been significantly increased due to a higher beam intensity from the PS complex and also due to increased transverse acceptances in the AD machine The beam losses during deceleration were reduced from 30-40 % down to a few percent, mainly due to improvements of the operation of the deceleration RF cavity Altogether these improvements increased the intensity of the ejected beam by a factor of two Improvements of the electron cooling were followed by a reduction of emittances and cycle duration (about 15%) Progress in beam diagnostics now allows the monitoring of the machine performance during the whole cycle The stability of the machine at the ejection momentum 100 MeV/c remains a crucial point and the identification of the causes of fluctuations in the ejected beam parameters are now under investigation

/pdf/two-years-of-ad-operation-experience-and-progress-2wg2lfemo4.pdf

Two years of ad operation: experience and progress

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Commissioning and first operation of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD)

The elena project : progress in the design

Two years of ad operation: experience and progress