Several insect pests are related to the cultivation of conilon coffee, Coffea canephora (Rubiaceae), including (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). Coccoids damage plants by sucking their sap, producing honeydew, and transmitting viruses. Parasitoids and predators are natural enemies that regulate the insect population and can be used in mealybug biological control. This study aimed to survey scale insects and natural enemies associated with C. canephora in the city of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. Two species of mealybugs from the family Coccidae and three from the family Pseudococcidae were collected in different plant structures. Natural enemies collected comprised hymenopteran parasitoids from the families Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Encyrtidae, and Perilampidae; predator beetles of the family Coccinellidae; dipterans from the family Cecidomyiidae; and thrips of the family Aeolothripidae. This is the first report of the mealybug species Coccus brasiliensis, Pseudococcus longispinus, and Pseudococcus cryptus; of the parasitoids Coccophagus rusti, Aprostocetus sp., Aenasius advena, Aenasius fusciventris, Aenasius pseudococci, and Perilampus sp.; and of the predators Cycloneda conjugata, Pseudoazya nana, Diadiplosis coccidivora, Diadiplosis sp., and Franklinothrips vespiformis, associated with C. canephora. Knowledge of mealybug species and their respective natural enemies will contribute to biological control strategies in planning the integrated management of mealybugs associated with conilon coffee.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/4/829/pdf?version=1680607546

Scale Insects and Natural Enemies Associated with Conilon Coffee (Coffea canephora) in São Paulo State, Brazil

Thelymitra epipactoides has a highly variable visual display achieved through polychromatic flowers and variable inflorescence size, bearing between 7 and 31 flowers, which attract foraging polylectic bees Only bees of the genusNomia were observed carrying pollinia and successfully pollinating the orchid The genusNomia contains polylectic, pollen gathering species that store pollen in both the crop and scopa on the hind legs The absence of a reward for the bees indicates the orchid is relying on deception to attract visitors The relationship of deception to mimicry is discussed Once on the flower, tactile, visual and possibly olfactory stimuli direct bees to the false anther formed by the voluminous column wings, where morphological adaptations of the flower ensure that the pollinarium is deposited on the gaster of the bee to effect pollination — The lack of seed set observed on the Victorian coast appears to be due to the absence of pollinators from the heath and grassland communities in which the orchid grows This may well be a consequence of the reduced number of plants flowering in the community (a result of the elimination of fire at these sites), thus not maintaining a floral community attractive to potential pollinators

The floral biology of Thelymitra epipactoides (Orchidaceae), and the implications of pollination by deceit on the survival of this rare orchid.

.— A survey of the parasitoid species of black scale, Saissetia oleae (Olivier), in California central valley olive orchards revealed that two recently imported parasitoids, Prococcophagus probus Annecke & Mynhardt and Coccophagus rusti Compere, have become established. These South African parasitoids were released from 1979 to 1983. During the release period, neither parasitoid was recovered. However, subsequent to the release, surveys of distribution of these species revealed that both had become established. In the first survey (1984-1987), 23 commercial olive orchards located in Tehama, Glenn, Madera, and Tulare Counties, were sampled. A second survey (1988-1990) included seven olive orchards located in Tehama and Madera Counties, and black scale infestations on selected ornamental olive and oleander plants in Tehama, Colusa, Sutter, Glenn, and Butte Counties. Prococcophagus probus and C. rusti were reared from black scale infested olive and oleander plants in Tehama County. Recovery of these species, over the three years after the last release, provides evidence of their establishment in the Sacramento Valley.

Parasitoids of black scale in california: establishment of prococcophagus probus

morphology, Thelymitra epipactoides F. Muell. (metallic sun-orchid) was once widespread in coastal regions of south-eastern Australia but extensive clearing of habitat and collection by orchid enthusiasts has resulted in a significant reduction in its distribution. At present seven small populations (2-250 adult plants) survive on public land. Before adequate management procedures can be developed a better understanding of the species and its biology is required.

Thelymitra epipactoides f. (orchidaceae): the morphology, biology and conservation of an endangered species

One of the biggest challenges of whole-body scanners for Positron Emission Tomography is the correction of the scatter fraction, meaning the amount of false coincidences where one of the two 511-keV gammas has interacted in the patient’s body and has changed its original direction. One way to overcome this diﬃculty is to use the scanner energy resolution to reject the scatter coincidences, since gammas lose part of their energy in the scatter. Recently, a new concept has been proposed to use liquid xenon as a scintillation medium, instead of crystals, which are currently used in commercial scanners, and silicon photomultipliers as a read-out. In this paper we present a measurement of the quasi-intrinsic energy resolution of liquid xenon for 511-keV gammas, using only scintillation light and silicon photomultipliers with 30% photodetection eﬃciency. The measured energy resolution is 3 . 5% ± 1 . 2% FWHM, which improves on the current knowledge of liquid xenon properties and opens up the possibility of building scanners with unprecedented energy resolution.

Measurement of quasi-intrinsic energy resolution in liquid xenon for medical applications

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Parasitoids of black scale in california: establishment of prococcophagus probus

Thelymitra epipactoides f. (orchidaceae): the morphology, biology and conservation of an endangered species

Measurement of quasi-intrinsic energy resolution in liquid xenon for medical applications