Photoconducting antennas have been demonstrated which are capable of generating and coherently detecting subpicosecond electrical pulses. These antennas, when illuminated with femtosecond optical pulses, radiate electrical pulses which have frequency spectra that extend from 2 THz. Microscope dipoles measuring 50, 100, and 200 mu m have been fabricated and tested. Integrated photoconductors of radiation-damaged silicon-on-sapphire were used both for impulsive current excitation of the transmitting antennas as well as for gating the receiving antennas. >

Subpicosecond photoconducting dipole antennas

Printed dipole antennas find increasing use in microwave as well as far infrared frequencies. The current distribution, input impedance, and radiation pattern are computed for wire antennas printed on a dielectric substrate. The current distribution is obtained by solving Pocklington's equation by moment methods. The Green's function pertinent to the problem involves improper Sommerfeld-type integrals. These integrals are computed by a real-axis integration technique which involves analytical and numerical steps. The effect of surface modes is carefully taken into account.

Current distribution and input impedance of printed dipoles

A theory has been developed for planar metal antennas on a dielectric surface and the main predictions have been verified experimentally. Current dipole antennas have radiation diagrams and impedances favourable for microwave to far-infra-red integrated circuits.

Planar antennas on a dielectric surface

Major advances in millimeter-wave antennas have been made in recent years, in particular in two areas. A new class of leaky-wave antennas based on open millimeter waveguides has been proposed and investigated, and substantial progress has been achieved in integrated antennas where active and passive circuits, possibly in monolithic form, are combined with the radiating elements in one compact unit. Interesting developments have taken place also in a third group of millimeter-wave antennas, that of microstrip antennas and printed circuit antennas in general. An attempt is made to summarize these developments. >

/pdf/millimeter-wave-antennas-3pwg1ftvzs.pdf

Millimeter wave antennas

Printed circuit antennas are becoming an integral part of imaging arrays in microwave, millimeter, and submillimeter wave frequencies. The electrical characteristics of such antennas can be analyzed by solving integral equations of the Fredholm first kind. The kernel involves Sommerfeld integrals which are particularly difficult to solve when source and field points lie on an electrical discontinuity, as it occurs in the determination of the characteristics of printed circuit antennas. An analytic‐numeric real axis integration technique has been developed for such integrals and it is combined with piece‐wise sinusoidal expansions to solve the Fredholm integral equation for the unknown current density.

Real axis integration of Sommerfeld integrals with applications to printed circuit antennas

Model experiments at 10-GHz band have been performed to obtain optimum structures of printed resonant antennas for monolithic GaAs Schottky-diode detectors in the submillimeter-wave region. Design charts for antenna structures, which are also useful for a thin-film metal-to-metal diode structure on a dielectric substrate, are presented.

Design of Printed Resonant Antennas for Monolithic-Diode Detectors

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Design of Printed Resonant Antennas for Monolithic-Diode Detectors