Naringin is a flavanone glycoside in citrus fruits that has various biological functions. However, its bitterness affects the quality, economic value, and consumer acceptability of citrus products. Deglycosylation of naringin using naringinase decreases its bitterness and enhances its functional properties. In this study, eight microbial strains with naringinase activity were isolated from 33 yuzu-based fermented foods. Among them, naringinase from Aspergillus oryzae NYO-2, having the highest activity, was used to produce prunin and naringenin. Under optimal conditions, 19 mM naringin was converted to 14.06 mM prunin and 1.97 mM naringenin. The bitterness of prunin and naringenin was significantly decreased compared to naringin using the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R39. The neuroprotective effects of prunin and naringenin on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with scopolamine were greater than that of naringin. These findings can widen the potential applications of deglycosylation of naringin to improve sensory and functional properties.

Production of Prunin and Naringenin by Using Naringinase from Aspergillus oryzae NYO-2 and Their Neuroprotective Properties and Debitterization.

Tropical Meliponini bees produce stingless bee honey (SBH). Studies have shown beneficial properties, including antibacterial, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, neurotherapeutic, neuroprotective, wound, and sunburn healing capabilities. High phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations offer SBH its benefits. SBH can include flavonoids, phenolic acids, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, organic acids, amino acids, and protein, depending on its botanical and geographic origins. Ursolic acid, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid may diminish apoptotic signals in neuronal cells, such as nuclear morphological alterations and DNA fragmentation. Antioxidant activity minimizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lowers oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation by decreasing enzymes generated during inflammation. Flavonoids in honey reduce neuroinflammation by decreasing proinflammatory cytokine and free radical production. Phytochemical components in honey, such as luteolin and phenylalanine, may aid neurological problems. A dietary amino acid, phenylalanine, may improve memory by functioning on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathways. Neurotrophin BDNF binds to its major receptor, TrkB, and stimulates downstream signaling cascades, which are crucial for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Through BDNF, SBH can stimulate synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis, promoting learning and memory. Moreover, BDNF contributes to the adult brain’s lasting structural and functional changes during limbic epileptogenesis by acting through the cognate receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB). Given the higher antioxidants activity of SBH than the Apis sp. honey, it may be more therapeutically helpful. There is minimal research on SBH’s neuroprotective effects, and the related pathways contribute to it is unclear. More research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular process of SBH on BDNF/TrkB pathways in producing neuroprotective effects.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048028/pdf

The potential neuroprotective effects of stingless bee honey

Stingless bee honey, also known as pot honey, is a unique product that differs from other honey (Apis) in terms of flavor, chemical composition, biological characteristics, and sourness. Raw and by-products made from this honey have substantial use for its diverse health benefits and human dietary requirements. The physiochemical properties of honey from stingless bee mainly rely on nectar sources, geographic locations, climate, bee species, and handling and storage conditions. The honey contains reducing sugars, water, minerals, and ash content, and its characteristic features include color, acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and viscosity. Further, it contains several biological and therapeutic constituents such as flavonoids, antioxidants, antibacterial, wound-healing, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, and the Maillard reaction product hydroxymethylfurfural. This review summarizes the literature on the physical and biological properties and therapeutic constituents' use of stingless bee honey. It also highlights the quality standards available worldwide and required modifications in establishing universal standards for promoting this honey.

Physiochemical, biological, and therapeutic uses of stingless bee honey

Rodent Model Preclinical Assessment of PEGylated Block Copolymer Targeting Cognition and Oxidative Stress Insults of Alzheimer’s Disease

ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered one of the most common neurological conditions associated with memory and cognitive impairment and mainly affects people aged 65 or above. Even with tremendous progress in modern neuroscience, a permanent remedy or cure for this crippling disease is still unattainable. Polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring potent compounds that can modulate the neurodegenerative processes typical of AD. The present comprehensive study has been conducted to find out the preclinical and clinical potential of polyphenols and elucidate their possible mechanisms in managing AD. Additionally, we have reviewed different clinical studies investigating polyphenols as single compounds or cotherapies, including those currently recruiting, completed, terminated, withdrawn, or suspended in AD treatment. Natural polyphenols were systematically screened and identified through electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus based on in vitro cell line studies and preclinical data demonstrating their potential for neuroprotection. A total of 63 significant polyphenols were identified. A multimechanistic pathway for polyphenol's mode of action has been proposed in the study. Out of 63, four potent polyphenols have been identified as promising potential candidates, based on their reported clinical efficacy. Polyphenols hold tremendous scope for the development of a future drug molecule as a phytopharmaceutical that may be incorporated as an adjuvant to the therapeutic regime. However, more high‐quality studies with novel delivery methods and combinatorial approaches are required to overcome obstacles such as bioavailability and blood–brain barrier crossing to underscore the therapeutic potential of these compounds in AD management. 

Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in Cellular Reversal of Patho‐Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models: A Comprehensive Review

Despite several therapies, the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease remains a global challenge. Hence, natural products might act as an alternative treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Naringin, a polyphenol, possesses promising potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, we investigated the effect of naringin on scopolamine-induced inhibitory passive avoidance memory impairment, CA1 volume, and neuronal loss by using stereological methods.After the scopolamine intraperitoneal injection, rats were treated with naringin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days via intraperitoneal injection. The inhibitory passive avoidance test was performed for the memory test. 24 hours after the behavioral test; rats' brains were removed from the skull and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The rats' brains cut and sections coronal, were stained using the cresyl violet staining for neurons. Finally, the changes in the neurons of the hippocampal CA1 area were examined stereologically.We observed that naringin ameliorated significantly inhibitory passive avoidance memory. Scopolamine decreased significantly the volume of the hippocampal CA1 area and naringin injection with doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, increased the volume of the hippocampal CA1 area. Naringin administration at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days, increased neuron density and the total number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area.We concluded that naringin could be effective in improving scopolamine-induced inhibitory passive avoidance memory deficits and that it appeared to increase the volume and density as well as the total number of neurons in the CA1 area of the Alzheimer's rat hippocampus.

Naringin prevents the reduction of the number of neurons and the volume of CA1 in a Scopolamine-Induced animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD): A stereological study.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

S. Mokarrami

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Naringin prevents the reduction of the number of neurons and the volume of CA1 in a Scopolamine-Induced animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD): A stereological study.