Real-Time model-based design for CODLAG propulsion control strategies

In this study, a model is developed to simulate the dynamics of an internal combustion engine, and it is calibrated and validated against reliable experimental data, making it a tool that can effectively be adopted to conduct emission predictions. In this work, the Ricardo WAVE software is applied to the simulation of a particular marine diesel engine, a four-stroke engine used in the maritime field. Results from the bench tests are used for the calibration of the model. Finally, the calibration of the model and its validation with full-scale data measured at sea are presented. The prediction includes not only the classic engine operating parameters for a comparison with surveys but also an estimate of nitrogen oxide emissions, which are compared with similar results obtained with emission factors. The calibration of the model made it possible to obtain an overlap between the simulation results and real data with an average error of approximately 7% on power, torque, and consumption. The model provides encouraging results, suggesting further applications, such as in the study on transient conditions, coupling of the engine model with the ship model for a complete simulation of the operating conditions, and optimization studies on consumption and emissions. The availability of the emission data during the sea trial and validated simulation results are the strengths and novelties of this work.

/pdf/validation-of-an-emission-model-for-a-marine-diesel-engine-k2tfqjtm5v.pdf

Validation of an Emission Model for a Marine Diesel Engine with Data from Sea Operations

This paper focuses on potential benefits due to the Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) from marine dual fuel engines. WHR solutions are usually adopted for the traditional diesel oil applications, while for gas fueled engines are currently under consideration (mainly due to the relatively high investment costs). In order to promote this ecofriendly technology within a marine hybrid propulsion system, it is important to assess the possible improvements in the ship energy efficiency, identifying an appropriate application and analyzing its overall performance level. Compared to traditional diesel oil, the use of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as fuel allows a better exploitation of the engine exhaust gas energy, resulting into a larger availability of steam for the surplus production of the ship electric energy. In order to evaluate the feasibility of an efficient WHR system in LNG propulsion applications, a numerical code representing the steam powered turbogenerator dynamics is presented. For the proposed case study, simulation results show a good behavior in the most critical electric load variations, confirming the correct sizing of the several WHR system components.

Improvements of the Ship Energy Efficiency by a Steam Powered Turbogenerator in LNG Propulsion Applications

The paper is focused on the most important aspects of the electric propulsion retrofitting of the tall ship Amerigo Vespucci, decided by the Italian Navy in 2010 to improve performance, flexibility and reliability of the propulsion system. The automation design is based on a simulation study, aimed at the ship performance prediction in both sailing and motor propulsion conditions. In particular, an original control logic is investigated by numerical simulation, in order to drive the propeller to the “zero-thrust” condition during sailing propulsion: by this way, it could be possible to avoid the negative effect of the trailing propeller on the transmission efficiency and safety, as well as on the vessel speed.

Propulsion retrofitting of the tall ship Amerigo Vespucci: Automation design by simulation

The Yangtze River’s substantial variation in water depth and current speeds means that inland ships face diverse operational conditions within a single voyage. This paper discusses the adoption of controllable-pitch propellers, which adjust their pitch to adapt to varying navigational environments, thereby optimizing energy efficiency. We developed an optimization framework to determine the ideal pitch angle and rotation speed (RPM) under different sailing conditions. The energy performance model for inland ships was enhanced to account for the open-water efficiency of CPPs across various pitch angles and RPMs, considering the impacts of current and shallow water, among other factors. The optimization approach was refined by incorporating an improved genetic algorithm with an annealing algorithm to enhance the initial population, applying the K-means clustering algorithm for population segmentation, and using multi-parent crossover from diverse clusters. The efficacy of the optimization method for CPP operations was validated by analyzing three operational scenarios of a Yangtze sailing ship. Additionally, key components of the ship performance model were calibrated through experimental tests, demonstrating an anticipated fuel consumption reduction of approximately 5% compared to conventional fixed-pitch propellers. 

Optimization of Controllable-Pitch Propeller Operations for Yangtze River Sailing Ships

For the Italian Navy Multi Mission Frigates (Fremm) program, actually in progress (first ship will be delivered by Fincantieri in 2012), will be installed an advanced Ship Management System (SMS), evolution of the “Cavour” ship automation system, supplied by SEASTEMA (company owned by Fincantieri and ABB).

Ship control system wide integration and the use of dynamic simulation techniques in the Fremm project

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Ship control system wide integration and the use of dynamic simulation techniques in the Fremm project