Green biomass derived porous carbon materials for electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)

A significant challenge in the research and development of supercapacitors is the creation of nanoscale structures in metal chalcogenide with improved chemically active surfaces, faster ion/charge transport kinetics and shorter ion-diffusion routes. A metal doping strategy has successfully resolved the transition metal chalcogenides issue and provides a larger surface area, faster migration of ions and good thermal and structural stability. In this study, a series of nanostructures comprising pure NiSe and Nb doped NiSe are synthesized across various compositions. Systematic research has been carried out to ascertain the impact of doping on physical and electrochemical traits. Using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the confirmation of phase purity was accomplished. The morphology of the nanostructures underwent a dramatic change, as shown by the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology. The specific capacitance (Cs) of Nb0.06NS is measured to be 1482 F/g at 1 A/g. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry (CV) study suggests that the nanostructures obtained in their original state exhibit pseudocapacitive behavior. The GCD of Nb0.06NS demonstrated exceptional charging/discharging performance, showing greater stability and rate capability. Specifically, after undergoing the 5000th GCD cycle, the GCD displayed outstanding performance, and after the 5000th GCD cycle, it retained 96.62 % of its initial performance. Numerous studies have revealed that nanoflakes with extremely high capacitance and stability make excellent candidates for usage as supercapacitor component parts. 

Electrochemical investigation of niobium doped nickel selenide nanostructure for supercapacitor devices

With the surge in demand for energy storage devices, better and safer alternatives are required. Zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHSC) has a great potential as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries as it combines the high energy capacity of zinc-ion batteries and longevity and high power density of supercapacitors to produce a device that can potentially outperform and outlast conventional batteries. ZHSCs are currently unable to achieve their theoretical specific capacity due to several issues that are stated in the review. This review aims to provide fundamentals of the energy storage mechanism of hybrid supercapacitors and ZHSCs as well as summarize recent developments on ZHSCs. Various types of carbon-based materials along with pseudocapacitive materials that have been utilised as electrode materials for ZHSCs are comprehensively discussed. The zinc anode as well as ways to improve its performance are briefly discussed in the review. Electrolyte for ZHSCs with a focus on hydrogel polymer electrolyte and how it affects ZHSC performance is elaborated. Lastly, a summary of current issues faced by ZHSCs, and future perspectives are discussed. 

A comprehensive review on fundamentals and components of zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

Aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZISCs) are a kind of energy storage device with promising applications due to their easy assembly, low cost, safety and reliability. Polypyrrole (PPy)-derived carbon is usually used as a cathode material for ZISCs with N-doping originating from the polymer structure and simple preparation. Herein, the porous PPy-derived carbon nanotubes (PCNTs) are prepared by calcination and KOH activation. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of PCNTs can be optimized by regulating the mass ratio of KOH to PPy-derived carbon. The high specific surface area (3537 m2 g−1), hierarchical porous structure, and high contents of O/N-codoping (12.02 at.% and 3.39 at.%), the PCNTs process high specific capacity and excellent cyclic stability. ZISCs based-PCNTs cathode and Zn anode obtain a high specific capacity of 387.8 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 Ag−1, superior rate capability (127.2 mAh g−1 at 20 Ag−1), large energy density (151 Wh kg−1), and power density (12.695 kW kg−1). Furthermore, after 10,000 GCD tested at 5 A g−1, the capacity retention of ZISCs is 90.9 %. This study provides a valuable reference for regulating the microstructure of porous carbon derived from other polymers and promoting its application in aqueous ZISCs. 

Porous polypyrrole-derived carbon nanotubes as a cathode material for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

This work introduces a cost-effective method to synthesize carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at a lower temperature (∼100 °C), addressing the synthesis cost and precursor selection challenges associated with traditional methods requiring temperatures of ⁓3000 °C. Acid-etched banana fibers served as sustainable precursors, while KClO3 acted as a liquid carbonization medium. The resulting CNFs (referred MCCNFs), exhibited hollow structures with intertwined tubular morphology (OD ∼20–40 nm and ID∼ 5–10 nm). They possessed a hexagonal porous structure (P63/mmc) with a high specific surface area (152.09 m2g-1), significant pore volume (0.459 ccg−1), and impressive tensile strength exceeding 2.71 TPa. Smaller intensity ratio of D and G bands (0.396) confirmed their purity and structural integrity. MCCNFs displayed semi-metallic behaviour with superior electrical conductivity (0.0386 S-m−1), validated by ab initio electronic band structure calculations. UV–vis absorption spectra revealed a linear band structure. Notably, MCCNFs displayed a record-breaking capacitance of 1412.5 Fg-1 at 5 Ag-1, making them promising for supercapacitor electrode applications. Furthermore, these CNFs were used to fabricate a flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor, successfully powering 6 LEDs for 10 s. Hence, this work set a pave for low-cost, low-temperature synthesis of CNFs having superior physical and chemical properties and immense promise for advancing energy storage applications. 

Energy-efficient sintering-free Chemically synthesized carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors

High energy-power zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors achieved by 3D channels enriched biomass-derived N/O co-doped 2D arcuate carbon nanosheets

The cyclic and early isothermal oxidation behaviors at 1050 °C of the NiCoCrAlY, Pt-modified NiCoCrAlY and Pt-modified NiCoCrAlY with Re-based diffusion barrier (DB) have been evaluated. The atomic immigration and electron location function (ELF) at the Ni-Re interface were simulated by density function theory (DFT) calculations. After isothermal oxidation for 1 h, island NiCoCrAlY particles with extremely poor Al were observed in the oxide scale of normal NiCoCrAlY coating, and then the oxide scale transformed into a double-layer structure after oxidation for 20 h. The initial “island-oxide” scale model was proposed to illustrate the oxidation mechanisms for normal NiCoCrAlY coating. The oxide scale of Pt-modified NiCoCrAlY coating was single-layer Al2O3 with rapid coverage at the surface, because the modification of Pt changed the initial oxidation mechanism by promoting the uphill diffusion of Al. The Re-based DB reduced the thickness of the secondary reaction zone (SRZ) by inhibiting the element interdiffusion between the NiCoCrAlY coating and the substrate, thus the Pt-modified NiCoCrAlY with Re-based DB exhibited the lowest interdiffusion extent. Interestingly, the thermal stability of Re-based DB in NiCoCrAlY coating system was poorer than that in NiCrAlY system. The DFT simulation shows that the incorporation of Co made the energy difference more negative, which confirmed that Co promoted the diffusion of Re in the NiCoCrAlY coating, thus accelerating the degradation of Re-based DB. 

High temperature performance and interface evolution of a NiCoCrAlY coating with Pt modification and Re-based diffusion barrier

Introduction. Oxidative stress is one of the important causes of red blood cells (RBCs) storage lesion. As a hormone, melatonin (MT) is also an effective antioxidant, however the pro- and antioxidative properties of MT depend on the cell type, redox state, as well as experimental conditions.Aim of this study — to investigate the protective effects of low concentration of MT on the stored RBCs in vitro.Materials and methods. Leukofi ltered RBCs were incubated in MAP RBC additive solution with or without 150 pg/mL of MT for 42 days under blood bank conditions. The morphology, aggregation index, methemoglobin (MetHb), m alondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, lactic acid and ATP of RBCs were detected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 to observe the protective effects of MT during the storage of RBCs.Results. During RBCs s torage, the number of deformed RBCs, relative hemolysis rate, aggregation index, MDA and MetHb were signifi cantly affected by both storage time (p  <  0.0001) and melatonin (p  <  0.01), and they had interaction only on the number of deformed RBCs (p < 0.0001). The concentration of glucose, lactic acid and ATP were affected by storage time (p < 0.0001), but not by MT concentration (p > 0.05). The number of deformed RBCs, relative hemolysis rate, MDA and MetHb in MT group were signifi cantly lower than that in control group at the end of storage stage (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Our study showed low hypnotic drug concentration of MT is speculated to have protective effects on the quality of stored RBCs through antioxidative mechanism. 

Effect of low concentration of melatonin on the quality of stored red blood cells in vitro

This paper proposes a block hash (BH) method for efficiently storing multipleIndustry Foundation Classes (IFC) models in the database. We find that there are lots of duplicationswhenwe store different models or different versions of a modelinto the databasebecause of the temporal-spatial correlation of data between these models. The main idea of our approach is to divide these model files into appropriate blocks andto calculate the hash valuesof theseblocks to reuse the them in different models. These blocks should not be too small in case too many nodes need to be compared, nor should they be too large in case it is difficult to find identical blocks to share between different models.So the BH method is proposed to efficiently make the database redundancy-free. For the experiments we use multi-versions of multiple models of a same project to validate this method.The experimental results showthat our method is practicable and efficient.

/pdf/a-redundancy-free-ifc-storage-platform-for-multi-model-1wov4nyu.pdf

A Redundancy-free IFC Storage Platform For Multi-model Scenarios based on Block Hash

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of tumor cell lysate (TCL) with low high-mobility group B1 (HMGB1) content for enhancing immune responses of dendritic cells (DCs) against lung cancer.


METHODS
TCLs with low HMGB1 content (LH-TCL) and normal HMGB1 content (NH-TCL) were prepared using Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells in which HMGB1 was inhibited with 30 nmol/L glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and using LLC cells without GA treatment, respectively. Cultured mouse DCs were exposed to different doses of NH-TCL and LH-TCL, using PBS as the control. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expressions of CD11b, CD11c and CD86 and apoptosis of the stimulated DCs, and IL-12 levels in the cell cultures were detected by ELISA. Mouse spleen cells were co-cultured with the stimulated DCs, and the activation of the spleen cells was assessed by detecting CD69 expression using flow cytometry; TNF-β production in the spleen cells was detected with ELISA. The spleen cells were then co-cultured with LLC cells at the effector: target ratios of 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 to observe the tumor cell killing. In the animal experiment, C57/BL6 mouse models bearing subcutaneous LLC xenograft received multiple injections with the stimulated DCs, and the tumor growth was observed.


RESULTS
The content of HMGB1 in the TCL prepared using GA-treated LLC cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Compared with NH-TCL, LH-TCL showed a stronger ability to reduce apoptosis (P < 0.001) and promote activation and IL- 12 production in the DCs. Compared with those with NH-TCL stimulation, the DCs stimulated with LH-TCL more effectively induced activation of splenic lymphocytes and enhanced their anti-tumor immunity (P < 0.05). In the cell co-cultures, the spleen lymphocytes activated by LH-TCL-stimulated DCs showed significantly enhanced LLC cell killing activity (P < 0.01). In the tumor-bearing mice, injections of LH-TCL-stimulated DCs effectively activated host anti-tumor immunity and inhibited the growth of the tumor xenografts (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Stimulation of the DCs with LH-TCL enhances the anti-tumor immune activity of the DCs and improve the efficacy of DCbased immunotherapy for LLC in mice.

[Tumor cell lysate with low content of HMGB1 enhances immune response of dendritic cells against lung cancer in mice].

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