The present work is concerned with adhesive bonding of thermoplastic composites used in general aerospace applications, including polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) carbon fibre composites. Three different surface treatments have been applied to the PEEK, PPS and PEI-based composites in order to enhance the adhesion: atmospheric plasma, ultraviolet radiation (UV) and isopropanol wiping as a control. Water contact angles and free surface energies were measured following the standard experimental procedure based on the employment of three different liquid droplets. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were subsequently performed to characterize the surface chemistry of the samples after treatment. The single lap joints were manufactured and bonded by an Aerospace grade epoxy-based film adhesive originally developed for use on metals but with the ability to bond treated thermoplastics to good strength (supplied by Henkel Ireland). Quasi-static (QS) tests were conducted. The lap shear strength was evaluated, and the failure mechanisms of the different joints were examined for the range of surface treatments considered. It was found that the performances of the PEEK and PPS joints were considerably improved by the plasma and UV treatments resulting in cohesive and delamination failures, while PEI was unaffected by the plasma and UV treatments and performed very well throughout.

/pdf/adhesion-improvement-of-thermoplastics-based-composites-by-10jhfm6ddb.pdf

Adhesion Improvement of Thermoplastics-Based Composites by Atmospheric Plasma and UV Treatments

Effect of SiO2 crystal structure on the stability of polymer composites exposed to vacuum ultraviolet radiation

This review paper provides the detailed information on a new nano-manufacturing process for producing nanocomposites, i.e., the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). Owing to its unique advantages in depositing polymers and biomaterials, MAPLE technique has been applied to fabricate coatings for medical implants, and electronic devices. In this paper, the current progress on the applications of MAPLE technique is reviewed and discussed. MAPLE techniques have demonstrated a precise control of the parameter such as film thickness and roughness, material structure after deposition. The potentials of MAPLE technique in nanobiotechnology are also discussed in this review paper.

/pdf/matrix-assisted-pulsed-laser-evaporation-maple-technique-for-411y28m6mr.pdf

Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique for deposition of hybrid nanostructures

The effect of vacuum ultraviolet radiation (λ = 90–115 nm) on the surface structure and optical properties of high-filled polymer composites based on high-impact polystyrene and organosiloxane filler is investigated. It is ascertained that VUV exposure leads to the surface smoothing and solar radiation absorption coefficient increasing by ∼15%.

Effect of vacuum ultraviolet on the surface properties of high-filled polymer composites

Membrane distillation (MD) is a unit process that uses hydrophobic membranes to separate vapor from saline water. The performance of the MD process is largely affected by the properties of the membranes, which should be porous, hydrophobic, and stable under high temperature conditions. Accordingly, it is essential to develop highly efficient membranes for practical implementation of MD technology. In this study, we applied a water repellent chemical (WRC) made of urethane rubber onto hydrophilic membranes to develop a novel approach for MD membrane preparation. A spin coating method was adopted to introduce hydrophobic coating layers on polyamide membranes. Experiments were carried out in the direct contact membrane distillation mode. Contact angle and liquid entry pressure (LEP) were measured before and after the surface coating. In addition, scanning electronic microscope, FT-IR, and atomic force microscope analysis were conducted to confirm a coating layer of the membrane. The optimum condition...

Hydrophobic surface modification of membrane distillation (MD) membranes using water-repelling polymer based on urethane rubber

Smoothing of the nanometer-scale asperities of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) with the wavelength λ = 123.6 nm was studied. The exposure time and the residual air pressure in an working chamber were varied during the process of VUV treatment. A nanostructured surface of PMMA film is used as a sample to be exposed. The nanostructured surface of the PMMA film was obtained by treating the initially smooth spin-coated film in oxygen radio-frequency plasma. The degree of VUV exposure is estimated using changes in the morphology and roughness of the nanostructured surface, which were determined by atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Recognition of morphological surface features on the AFM-images and determination of main geometrical characteristics of these features are performed by using virtual feature-oriented scanning method. It is discovered by morphology and Fourier spectra that the nanostructured surface of the PMMA film is partially ordered. The developed VUV smoothing procedure can be used to treat the electron-beam, UV, and X-ray sensitive PMMA resists, PMMA elements of microelectromechanical systems, biomedical PMMA implants, as well as to certify nanotechnological equipment incorporating UV radiation sources.

Vacuum ultraviolet smoothing of nanometer-scale asperities of Poly(methyl methacrylate) surface

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Vacuum ultraviolet smoothing of nanometer-scale asperities of Poly(methyl methacrylate) surface