In this paper, an electric machine with dual permanent magnet (PM) structures in both stator and rotor is proposed. Multi-pole PMs are buried both in stator and rotor slots of the proposed machine and the magnetic field is modulated through the stator and rotor teeth. This machine with dual magnetic flux modulation can be categorized as one special case of flux-modulating machines. A time-stepping finite-element method combined with space vector pulse width modulation-based vector control method is used to analyze the steady-state and transient performance of the machine and its control system.

A Novel Stator and Rotor Dual PM Vernier Motor With Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation

This paper presents an optimal design methodology of a dual-mechanical-port bidirectional flux-modulated machine for electric continuously variable transmission in hybrid electrical vehicles. The machine utilizes bidirectional flux modulation effect to combine two rotors and one stator together, aiming to realize electrical and mechanical power flexible split and combination. Due to the complexity of the machine structure, conventional optimization methods using analytical model are inapplicable. Therefore, an effective and practical method that combines the genetic algorithm and finite-element method (GA-FEM) is proposed to optimize the design of the machine in this paper. Since the computational cost increases exponentially with the increasing of number of design parameters, to reduce the computational cost in the optimization process, the design parameters are divided into two levels basing on a sensitivity analysis. And, then, the sensitive parameters are optimized using the GA-FEM coupled method. Finally, a prototype is fabricated to verify the effectiveness of the optimal design.

Sensitivity Analysis and Optimal Design of a Dual Mechanical Port Bidirectional Flux-Modulated Machine

The performances of three types of magnetic gears (MGs), which are radial-flux MGs, transverse-flux MGs, and axial-flux MGs, are quantitatively analyzed and compared using 3-D finite-element method of magnetic field and mechanical motion coupled computation. To fairly compare the torque capability of different topologies of MGs, all the MGs under study have the same gear ratio, the same outer diameter, and the same axial stack length. To maximize the torque density, several important structure parameters are optimized. Scenarios using different iron core materials and different magnetization directions of permanent magnets are also studied. Based on the comparative analysis, appropriate topologies of MGs that can achieve a torque density as high as 198 kNm/m
 3
 are suggested. The results in this paper give a good review of the torque density levels of different MGs, and hence they can be used as application guidelines.

A Quantitative Comparison Analysis of Radial-Flux, Transverse-Flux, and Axial-Flux Magnetic Gears

A concept of general flux-modulated electric machines is introduced in this paper, which is based on a proposed unified theory for such types of machines. It can explain the operating principles of a basic flux-modulated motor, a flux-switching motor, a vernier motor, and a dual-permanent-magnet (PM)-excited motor with PMs on both rotor and stator. Based on the proposed theory, a novel doubly-fed dual-stator (DFDS) motor is presented. Finite-element method of magnetic field with mechanical motion coupled computation is employed to evaluate the performances of the machines. Its design method using an optimization algorithm is also presented. Experiment results of a prototype are presented to showcase the performance of the proposed novel DFDS motor.

A Concept of General Flux-Modulated Electric Machines Based on a Unified Theory and Its Application to Developing a Novel Doubly-Fed Dual-Stator Motor

A novel electrical continuously variable transmission (E-CVT) system is presented and analyzed based on harmonic spectra analysis of magnetic fields. Two rotors and one stator are integrated within one electric machine so as to keep the whole system compact. The main merits of this proposed torque transmission machine are its brushless structure, improved torque density, reduced stator end winding length, and reduced copper loss. The operating principle of the machine is described and its steady-state and transient performances are analyzed using time-stepping finite element method (TS-FEM). FEM results are used to confirm and validate the superior performance of the proposed machine.

Design of a Novel Electrical Continuously Variable Transmission System Based on Harmonic Spectra Analysis of Magnetic Field

A novel low-speed axial-flux-modulated motor is proposed for in-wheel applications in hybrid electric vehicles. The proposed motor breaks the traditional design rule which stipulates that the pole-pair numbers of the stator and the rotor must be equal. Special ferrite segments in the air gap are used to modulate the magnetic field. It has the merit of having a very high torque density at low speed. It can be fitted into very limited space, such as inside the wheel rim of electric vehicles. Compared with radial-flux-modulated motors (RFMM), its manufacturing and assembling process are simple and easy. Its performance is compared with that of an RFMM using two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite-element methods and the comparison results verify the validity of this proposed machine design.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Axial-Flux Electric Machine

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Design and Analysis of a Novel Axial-Flux Electric Machine