Superoxide ion (O2•–) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2•– is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2•– were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2•– reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2•– so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2•– followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2•– are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2•– environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2•– are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the f...

Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications

The handbook of environmental chemistry

With the improvement of standard of living, air-conditioning has widely been applied. However, health problems associated with air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality appear more frequently. In this paper, recent research is reviewed on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health. The problems in the existing research are summarized. A further study is suggested on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for healthy indoor air environment.

Review of research on air-conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health

Major industrial plasma processes operating close to atmospheric pressure are discussed. Applications of thermal plasmas include electric arc furnaces and plasma torches for generation of powders, for spraying refractory materials, for cutting and welding and for destruction of hazardous waste. Other applications include miniature circuit breakers and electrical discharge machining. Non-equilibrium cold plasmas at atmospheric pressure are obtained in corona discharges used in electrostatic precipitators and in dielectric-barrier discharges used for generation of ozone, for pollution control and for surface treatment. More recent applications include UV excimer lamps, mercury-free fluorescent lamps and flat plasma displays.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0741-3335/46/12B/006/pdf

Atmospheric-pressure plasma technology

Negative air ions (NAIs) have been discovered for more than 100 years and are widely used for air cleaning. Here, we have carried out a comprehensive reviewing on the effects of NAIs on humans/animals, and microorganisms, and plant development. The presence of NAIs is credited for increasing psychological health, productivity, and overall well-being but without consistent or reliable evidence in therapeutic effects and with controversy in anti-microorganisms. Reports also showed that NAIs could help people in relieving symptoms of allergies to dust, mold spores, and other allergens. Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant that affects human health. Experimental data showed that NAIs could be used to high-efficiently remove PM. Finally, we have reviewed the plant-based NAI release system under the pulsed electric field (PEF) stimulation. This is a new NAI generation system which releases a huge amount of NAIs under the PEF treatment. The system may be used to freshen indoor air and reduce PM concentration in addition to enriching oxygen content and indoor decoration at home, school, hospital, airport, and other indoor areas.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/10/2966/pdf/1

Negative Air Ions and Their Effects on Human Health and Air Quality Improvement.

Recent developments in the application of controllable air ionization processes that apply dielectric-barrier discharge devices to generate nonthermal plasmas have led to applications for chemical and biological decontamination in indoor air environments. These include significant reductions in airborne microbials, neutralization of odors, and reductions of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Removal of very fine particulates (PM/sub x/) is also is enhanced by air ionization. The process of air ionization involves the electronically induced formation of small air ions, including reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide O/sub 2//spl middot//sup -/, the diatomic oxygen radical anion, which react rapidly with airborne VOC and PM/sub x/. The physics and chemistry of air ionization, and its utility for contributing to significant improvements in indoor air quality are discussed.

http://aerisa.com/sites/default/files/downloads/3/Aerisa_BipolarStacy.pdf

"On the ionization of air for removal of noxious effluvia" (Air ionization of indoor environments for control of volatile and particulate contaminants with nonthermal plasmas generated by dielectric-barrier discharge)

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"On the ionization of air for removal of noxious effluvia" (Air ionization of indoor environments for control of volatile and particulate contaminants with nonthermal plasmas generated by dielectric-barrier discharge)