Energy Efficiency/ Renewable Energy Impact in the Texas Emisions Reduction Plan (TERP): Volume I- Summary Report

The Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP), established by the 77th Texas Legislature with the enactment of Senate Bill 5 (SB 5), states that energy efficiency and renewable energy (EE/RE) measures are needed to meet the minimum federal air quality standards. The 78th Legislature further enhanced the use of EE/RE programs for meeting TERP goals by requiring the Texas Council on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) to promote the use of energy efficiency as a way of meeting the federal air quality standards and to develop a methodology for computing emissions reduction for the SIP from energy efficiency.

Energy Efficiency/ Renewable Energy Impact in the Texas Emisions Reduction Plan (TERP): Volume II- Technical Report

Development of New Methodologies for Evaluating the Energy Performance of New Commercial Buildings. (August 2006) Suwon Song, B.S., SungKyunKwan University; M.S., SungKyunKWan University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jeff S. Haberl During the past decade, utility companies and others have offered new construction programs to promote energy savings based on energy-efficient design, which maximize design flexibility as well as energy savings. For such programs, the concept of Measurement and Verification (M&V) of a new building continues to become more important because efficient design alone is often not sufficient to deliver an efficient building. Simulation models that are calibrated to measured data can be used to evaluate the energy performance of new buildings if it is compared to energy baselines such as similar buildings, energy codes, and design standards (IPMVP 2003; Torcellini et. 2004). Unfortunately, there is a lack of detailed M&V methods and analysis methods to measure energy savings from new buildings that would have hypothetical energy baselines. In addition, many important questions remain, for example: how to simulate and calibrate a simulation with measured data, how to develop energy baselines for comparison to the new building, and how to calculate energy savings compared to energy baselines. Therefore, this study developed and demonstrated several methodologies for evaluating the energy performance of new commercial buildings using a case-study building in Austin, Texas, in terms of: 1) Whole-building energy metering with in-situ measurements, 2) Simulation and calibration methods applicable to new buildings, and 3) Building energy baselines and savings assessments. Consequently, three new M&V methods were developed in this study to enhance the generic M&V framework (IPMVP 2003) for new buildings, including: 1) The development of a procedure to synthesize weather-normalized cooling energy use (i.e., Btu cooling production) from a correlation of MCC electricity use when chilled

Development of New Methodologies for Evaluating the Energy Performance of New Commercial Buildings

Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy Impact in the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP): Volume III

In 2001, the Texas State Senate passed Senate Bill 5 to reduce ozone levels by encouraging the reduction of emissions of NOx that were not regulated by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. These include point sources (power plants), area sources (such as residential emissions), road mobile sources, and non-road mobile sources. For the building energy sector, the Texas State Legislature adopted the 2000 International Energy Conservation Code, as modified by the 2001 Supplement, as the state’s building energy code. The 2000/2001 IECC is a comprehensive energy conservation code that establishes a standard for the insulation levels, glazing, cooling and heating system efficiencies through the use of prescriptive and performance-based provisions. This paper provides a detailed description of the procedures that were developed to calculate the electricity and natural gas savings in new office construction that is being built in compliance with Chapter 8 of the 2000/2001 International Energy Conservation Code. Since most of the commercial portion of the 2000/2001 International Energy Conservation Code refers to ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 as the current code requirement for commercial construction, the simulation models based on the ASHRAE Standard 90.1, with general commercial configurations, are created to quantify the electricity and gas savings. Then, simulation models are modified to accommodate the different scenarios of construction and HVAC equipment based on three different codes (i.e., ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 (pre-code), 1999 (code-compliant), and 2004 (new-code)). The “pre-code” designation is meant to represent the commercial construction characteristics before the passage of Texas Emission Reduction Plan (TERP) in September 2001. In the simulations, “pre-code”, “code-complaint” and “new code” represent the commercial constructions in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989, ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999, and ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004, respectively. This paper includes an explanation of the simulation models developed for the different versions of ASHRAE Standard 90.1, as mentioned above, which are used for investigating the electricity and gas energy savings.

Development of DOE-2 Based Simulation Models for the Code-Compliant Commercial Construction Based on the ASHRAE Standard 90.1

Four areas in Texas, involving 16 counties, have been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as nonattainment areas because ozone levels exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) maximum allowable limits. These areas face severe sanctions if attainment is not reached by 2007. Four additional areas in the state are also approaching national ozone limits (i.e., affected areas). In 2001, the Texas State Legislature formulated and passed the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP), to reduce ozone levels by encouraging the reduction of emissions of NOx by sources that are currently not regulated by the state. Ozone results from photochemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. An important part of this legislation is the State’s energy efficiency program, which includes reductions in energy use and demand that are associated with the adoption of the 2000 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC IECC 2000), including the 2001 Supplement (IECC 2001) which represents one of the first times that the EPA is considering State Implementation Plan (SIP) credits from energy conservation and renewable energy– an important new development for building efficiency professionals, since this could pave the way for documented procedures for financial reimbursement for building energy conservation from the state’s emissions reductions funding. This paper provides a detailed description of the procedures that have been developed to calculate the electricity and natural gas savings in new office and retail construction that is built in compliance with Chapter 8 of the IECC 2000 Code. For most parts the commercial portion of the IECC 2000 code (i.e., Chapter 8), refers to the ASHRAE 90.1-1999 as current code requirement for commercial construction. Included in the description is an explanation of the simulation models created for codecompliant and pre-code characteristics, which are used for calculating NOx emissions reductions for the electric utility provider associated with the user. BACKGROUND In 2001, the Texas State Legislature formulated and passed Senate Bill 5 to further reduce ozone levels by encouraging the reduction of emissions of NOx by sources that are currently not regulated by the state, including area sources (e.g., residential emissions), on-road mobile sources (e.g., all types of motor vehicles), and non-road mobile sources (e.g., aircraft, locomotives, etc.). An important part of this legislation is the evaluation of the State’s new energy efficiency programs, which includes reductions in energy use and demand that are associated with specific utility-based energy conservation measures, and mandatory 1 Simulations for office and retail commercial construction were created first since they represent the largest two categories of commercial construction in the state. Additional simulation types are being developed for the largest energy using categories. 2 The “pre-code” designation is meant to represent commercial construction characteristics that were in use before the passage of the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan, which became effective in September 2001. In the case of commercial construction, “pre-code” is meant to represent commercial construction that is compliant with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989. 3 In the 2003 Texas State legislative session, the emissions reductions legislation in Senate Bill 5 was modified by House bill 3235, and House bill 1365. In general, this new legislation strengthens the previous legislation, and did not reduce the stringency of the building code or the reporting of the emissions reductions.

Development of a Web-based Emissions Reduction Calculator for Code-Compliant Commercial Construction

ABSTRACT In September 2001, Texas adopted the 2000 International Energy Conservation Code, which references ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 in Chapter 7. This building code has substantially improved the energy efficiency of commercial buildings in Texas, resulting in reduced annual heating/cooling utility bills for commercial customers. Since this time the Texas Legislature has required that the energy savings and emissions reductions from the implementation of the Texas Energy Building Standards (TBEPS) be tracked annually and reported to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). To accomplish this code-compliant DOE-2 simulations and DOE-sponsored national average savings were used to calculate the savings per square foot of commercial construction, which were then multiplied by commercial building statistics for each county, and aggregated to state-wide totals. This paper outlines the analysis methods for accomplishing this task and reports the savings for 2005 for commercial construction.

Impact of the Implementation of the 2000/2001 IECC on Commercial Energy Use in Texas: Analysis of Commercial Energy Savings

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Development of a Web-based Emissions Reduction Calculator for Code-Compliant Commercial Construction

Impact of the Implementation of the 2000/2001 IECC on Commercial Energy Use in Texas: Analysis of Commercial Energy Savings