We show that in SO(10) models, a Yukawa sector consisting of a real $10_H$, a real $120_H$ and a complex $126_H$ of Higgs fields can provide a realistic fit to all fermion masses and mixings, including the neutrino sector. Although the group theory of SO(10) demands that the $10_H$ and $120_H$ be real, most constructions complexify these fields and impose symmetries exterior to SO(10) to achieve predictivity. The proposed new framework with real $10_H$ and real $120_H$ relies only on SO(10) gauge symmetry, and yet has a limited number of Yukawa parameters. Our analysis shows that while there are restrictions on the observables, a good fit to the entire fermion spectrum can be realized. Unification of gauge couplings is achieved with an intermediate scale Pati-Salam gauge symmetry. Proton decay branching ratios are calculable, with the leading decay modes being $p \rightarrow \overline{\nu} \pi^+$ and $p \rightarrow e^+ \pi^0$.

/pdf/yukawa-sector-of-minimal-so-10-unification-1h9bj7sdr8.pdf

Yukawa Sector of Minimal SO(10) Unification

Non-supersymmetric Grand Unified $SO(10)\times U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ models have all the ingredients to solve several fundamental problems of particle physics and cosmology -- neutrino masses and mixing, baryogenesis, the non-observation of strong CP violation, dark matter, inflation -- in one stroke. The axion - the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson arising from the spontaneous breaking of the $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ Peccei-Quinn symmetry - is the prime dark matter candidate in this setup. We determine the axion mass and the low energy couplings of the axion to the Standard Model particles, in terms of the relevant gauge symmetry breaking scales. We work out the constraints imposed on the latter by gauge coupling unification. We discuss the cosmological and phenomenological implications.

/pdf/axion-predictions-in-so-10-times-u-1-rm-pq-models-4qvyaavnoq.pdf

Axion Predictions in $SO(10)\times U(1)_{\rm PQ}$ Models

Motivated by the R-D(*) anomalies, we investigate an SO(10) grand unification scenario where a charge -1/3 scalar leptoquark (S-1) remains as the only new physics candidate at the TeV scale. This l ...

Addressing the R-D(*) anomalies with an S-1 leptoquark from SO(10) grand unification

Non-supersymmetric SO(10) grand unified theories provide a framework in which the stability of dark matter is explained while gauge coupling unification is realized. In this work, we systematically study this possibility by classifying weakly interacting DM candidates in terms of their quantum numbers of $\text{SU}(2)_L \otimes \text{U}(1)_Y$, $B-L$, and $\text{SU}(2)_R$. We consider both scalar and fermion candidates. We show that the requirement of a sufficiently high unification scale to ensure a proton lifetime compatible with experimental constraints plays a strong role in selecting viable candidates. Among the scalar candidates originating from either a 16 or 144 of SO(10), only SU(2)$_L$ singlets with zero hypercharge or doublets with $Y=1/2$ satisfy all constraints for $\text{SU}(4)_C \otimes \text{SU}(2)_L \otimes \text{SU}(2)_R$ and $\text{SU}(3)_C \otimes \text{SU}(2)_L \otimes \text{SU}(2)_R \otimes \text{U}(1)_{B-L}$ intermediate scale gauge groups. Among fermion triplets with zero hypercharge, only a triplet in the 45 with intermediate group $\text{SU}(4)_C \otimes \text{SU}(2)_L \otimes \text{SU}(2)_R$ leads to solutions with $M_{\rm GUT} > M_{\rm int}$ and a long proton lifetime. We find three models with weak doublets and $Y=1/2$ as dark matter candidates for the $\text{SU}(4)_C \otimes \text{SU}(2)_L \otimes \text{SU}(2)_R$ and $\text{SU}(4)_C \otimes \text{SU}(2)_L \otimes \text{U}(1)_R$ intermediate scale gauge groups assuming a minimal Higgs content. We also discuss how these models may be tested at accelerators and in dark matter detection experiments.

Weakly-Interacting Massive Particles in Non-supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Models

We propose a minimal realization of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism in a realistic SU(5) model, where the
axion mass is directly connected to the grand unification scale. Accounting for constraints from proton
decay, collider searches and gauge coupling unification, we predict the axion mass ma ∈ ½4.8; 6.6 neV.
The upper bound relaxes to ma < 330 neV for a tuned flavor structure of the proton decay operators. The
predicted mass window will be complementarily probed by the axion dark matter experiments
ABRACADABRA and CASPER-Electric, which could provide indirect evidence for the scale of grand
unification before the observation of proton decay.

Axion mass prediction from minimal grand unification.

We present a minimal renormalizable non-supersymmetric S O(10) grand unified model with a symmetry breaking sector consisting of Higgs fields in the 54H + 126H + 10H representations This model admits a single intermediate scale associated with Pati-Salam symmetry along with a discrete parity Spontaneous symmetry breaking, the unification of gauge couplings and proton lifetime estimates are studied in detail in this framework Including threshold corrections self-consistently, obtained from a full analysis of the Higgs potential, we show that the model is compatible with the current experimental bound on proton lifetime The model generally predicts an upper bound of few times 1035 yrs for proton lifetime, which is not too far from the present Super-Kamiokande limit of τp ≳ 129 × 1034 yrs With the help of a Pecci-Quinn symmetry and the resulting axion, the model provides a suitable dark matter candidate while also solving the strong CP problem The intermediate scale, MI ≈ (1013 − 1014) GeV which is al

A minimal non-supersymmetric S O(10) model: Gauge coupling unification, proton decay and fermion masses

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A minimal non-supersymmetric S O(10) model: Gauge coupling unification, proton decay and fermion masses