Classification of steels according to their sensitivity to fracture using a synergetic model

Microstructure and fatigue properties of 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb gear steel after gas carburizing and low-pressure carburizing

Surface enrichment of regularly arranged C atoms on carbon steel (C-steel) substrates is intriguing but challenging due to the strong bonding force between C and Fe and complex C solubility in C-st...

Atomic Coupling Growth of Graphene on Carbon Steel for Exceptional Anti-Icing Performance

Highly wear-resistant 20CrMnTi surfaces with gradient properties are urgently demanded in manufacturing core components such as shafts and gears. However, balancing productivity, production costs, and energy consumption with existing surface machining and strengthening methods are challenging. Therefore, laser-assisted carburizing grinding is proposed, which combines laser micro-carburizing and grinding tempering to realize the integration of processing and strengthening of the 20CrMnTi surface. The optimal laser power is determined to be 300 W by the dynamic thermal-force coupling effect. A 1300 μm thick metamorphic layer is formed on the surface of 20CrMnTi, and its formation mechanism is analyzed based on the microstructural phase transformation. The surface hardness after laser-assisted carburizing grinding can reach 550 HV. The failure form of the carburized surface is mainly abrasive wear, and the wear loss is reduced to 50% compared to uncarburized surfaces. This study developed an efficient, energy-saving, and controllable integrated method of 20CrMnTi surface machining and strengthening. Meanwhile, the surface strengthening mechanism is explained based on laser micro-carburizing and grinding tempering. The findings provide technical references for manufacturing high-performance 20CrMnTi surfaces and theoretical support for carburized grinding strengthening technology. 

20CrMnTi surface strengthening based on laser-assisted carburizing grinding

The structure, dynamic cracking resistance, and micromechanisms of crack growth in initially highly tempered pipe billets made of structural carbon steel are studied after thermomechanical treatment, including cold plastic deformation by radial forging followed by annealing, under various conditions. The strength is found to be maximum after cold radial forging followed by annealing at 300°C. Cold radial forging and annealing at 600°C are shown to cause the formation of an ultrafine-grained structure with an average grain/subgrain size of ~900 nm. The structural features formed in both the axial and the transverse direction after cold radial forging have been revealed. The mechanism of crack growth after heat treatment and thermomechanical treatment has been studied. The fracture surface elements formed during dynamic-crackingresistance tests have been qualitatively analyzed.

Structure, Dynamic Cracking Resistance, and Crack Growth Micromechanism in Pipe Billets after Thermomechanical Treatment

Steel 24Kh2G2NMFB is studied after carburizing and different heat treatments The hardness and microhardness of the surface layer and of the matrix are measured The content of retained austenite is determined by the method of x-ray diffraction analysis Heat treatment modes improving the structure of the surface layer after carburizing are suggested

Optimization of the Process of Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels

Low-carbon martensitic steels (LMS) susceptible to inheritance of structure are considered. The strength, ductility, toughness characteristics, fracture energy, grain structure of the austenite, and micro- and fine structures of heat treated LMS are studied. The formation and decomposition of the austenite is investigated by the method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). True strain diagrams and models are designed. Expressions relating the stresses and strains in the stages of uniform and lumped deformation are suggested, and the power criteria for tension and fraction of the LMS are computed.

Deformation and Fracture of Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels

The characteristics of hardening of low-carbon martensitic steels alloyed with strong carbide-forming elements and having a lath and lath-globular structure are investigated. The structure of the steels is studied and the strength, ductility and toughness characteristics are determined. The true strain-stress curves are plotted. The hardening parameters are computed for the stages of uniform and lumped deformation. The experimental data match well the Ludwig – Hollomon equation.

Strain Hardening of Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels with Manifested Structural Inheritance

Structural and phase transformations under cooling of low-carbon martensitic steels of the Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – V – Nb system with carbon content 0.15 and 0.27% are studied. The microstructure is investigated by optical and electron microscopy, measurement of hardness, x-ray diffraction analysis, dilatometric and energy dispersive analyses. The strength and ductility parameters are determined in tensile tests. The impact toughness is determined.

Formation of Grain and Packet-Lath Structure in Low-Carbon Steels After Quenching from Intercritical Temperature Range

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Papers

Optimization of the Process of Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels

Deformation and Fracture of Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels

Strain Hardening of Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels with Manifested Structural Inheritance

Formation of Grain and Packet-Lath Structure in Low-Carbon Steels After Quenching from Intercritical Temperature Range