Optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses low coherence interferometry to obtain depth‐resolved tissue reflectivity profiles (M‐mode) and transverse beam scanning to create images of two‐dimensional tissue morphology (B‐mode). Endoscopic OCT imaging probes typically employ proximal or distal mechanical beam scanning mechanisms that increase cost, complexity, and size. Here, we demonstrate in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of unsedated human patients, that a passive, single‐fiber probe can be used to guide device placement, conduct device−tissue physical contact sensing, and obtain two‐dimensional OCT images via M‐to‐B‐mode conversion.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/lsm.23576

Passively scanned, single‐fiber optical coherence tomography probes for gastrointestinal devices

Minimally-invasive diagnosis and therapy have gradually become the trend and research hotspot of current medical applications. The integration of intraoperative diagnosis and treatment is a development important direction for real-time detection, minimally-invasive diagnosis and therapy to reduce mortality and improve the quality of life of patients, so called minimally-invasive theranostics (MIT). Light is an important theranostic tool for the treatment of cancerous tissues. Light-mediated minimally-invasive theranostics (LMIT) is a novel evolutionary technology that integrates diagnosis and therapeutics for the less invasive treatment of diseased tissues. Intelligent theranostics would promote precision surgery based on the optical characterization of cancerous tissues. Furthermore, MIT also requires the assistance of smart medical devices or robots. And, optical multimodality lay a solid foundation for intelligent MIT. In this review, we summarize the important state-of-the-arts of optical MIT or LMIT in oncology. Multimodal optical image-guided intelligent treatment is another focus. Intraoperative imaging and real-time analysis-guided optical treatment are also systemically discussed. Finally, the potential challenges and future perspectives of intelligent optical MIT are discussed.

pdf/the-lmit-light-mediated-minimally-invasive-theranostics-in-4k1qju47eh.pdf

The LMIT: Light-mediated minimally-invasive theranostics in oncology

Abstract To explore the clinical application value of optical coherence microscopy (OCM) in Hirschsprung’s disease. 109 HSCR patients were recuited in a Chinese hospital from January 2018 to July 2021. All the recruited patients underwent barium enema angiography preoperatively and the resected diseased intestinal tubes were evaluated intraoperatively. The OCM and the histopathological examination were performed successively on the surgical specimens, and the OCM images were compared with the relevant tissue sections to characterize different lesions. 10 non-HSCR fetal colorectal tissues at the same period were retained for OCM, the characteristics of which with and without HSCR under OCM imaging were analyzed. In the OCM images of in vitro tissue, it can be clearly observed that the scattering degree of HSCR narrow segment mucosal is high, glands and crypt structures are reduced or even atrophy, and the scattering degree of submucosal and intermuscular is low; In the dilated segment, the low scattering and high scattering are complex, and the muscle layer is obviously hypertrophy and structural disorder. Compared with the pathological findings, the OCM sensitivity, Kappa value, and AUC area reached 92.66%, 0.63, and 0.91, respectively. OCM can quickly and clearly display the structure of all layers of colorectal tissue, which is highly consistent with the corresponding histopathological examination results and has high sensitivity. which will provide a more reliable basis for OCM diagnosis of early HSCR, targeted biopsy and location of operative treatment, and has a certain potential for clinical application. 

/pdf/study-on-the-application-of-optical-coherence-microscopy-in-1lxjaqxw.pdf

Study on the application of optical coherence microscopy in Hirschsprung's disease

Abstract Objective : This study was a prospective study on the diagnosis of congenital Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) using optical coherence microscopy (OCM). Methods : A total of 109 HSCR patients admitted to a Chinese hospital were included and all underwent barium enema angiography preoperatively, and the resected diseased intestinal tubes were evaluated intraoperatively followed by OCM scanning and histopathological examination, and the OCM images were compared with the corresponding tissue sections for analysis. 10 non-HSCR fetal colorectal tissues at the same period were retained for OCM, the characteristics of which with and without HSCR under OCM imaging were analyzed. Results : It showed that the structural features of HSCR tissue could be observed in the OCM images, which is consistent with the corresponding histopathological findings matching. Compared with the pathological findings, the OCM sensitivity, specificity, Kappa value, and AUC area reached 92.66%, 90.00%, 0.627, and 0.913, respectively. Conclusion : OCM, as a non-invasive, high-resolution, real-time rapid imaging technology, has high sensitivity and specificity in congenital megacolon diagnosis, which will provide a more reliable basis for non-invasive diagnosis and pathological classification of patients with congenital megacolon, and has a certain potential for clinical application. 

/pdf/application-of-optical-coherence-microscopy-in-hirschsprung-3qd3dz19.pdf

Application of optical coherence microscopy in Hirschsprung's disease diagnosis

Study on the Variation of Optical Parameters of Ultrasound-Mediated Epidermal Dermis Evaluated by OCT

Antibiotic Resistance (ABR) is a global concern and while many students are aware of this issue, many of them are unclear on the mechanisms by which ABR may emerge. The mechanism of horizontal gene transfer is something many students are not familiar with. ABSTRACT Antibiotic Resistance (ABR) is a global concern and while many students are aware of this issue, many of them are unclear on the mechanisms by which ABR may emerge. The mechanism of horizontal gene transfer is something many students are not familiar with. In this curriculum contribution we present 2 versions of an ‘interrupted case study’ that is designed as an introduction to horizontal gene transfer for early major students and as a review case for advanced major students in biology and life sciences. The case is based on an authentic patient who developed infections with both methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistant S. aureus. The interrupted case study is appropriate for small and large groups and engages students while content is introduced in a highly structured way. This type of case study can be done by novice and seasoned instructors and lead to considerable learning gains in both introductory and intermediate microbiology courses.

The Use of a Multimodal Case Study To Illustrate Microbial Genetics, Metabolism, and Evolution: The Emergence of VRSA-1

Endoscopic biopsies play a vital role in the diagnosis of many diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The standard means of biopsy capture using forceps presents challenges in obtaining adequate tissue samples, especially for unsedated transnasal endoscopy (uTNE). Cryobiopsy is an emerging minimally-invasive alternative where the distal tip of a dual-lumen uTNE probe is cooled momentarily, freezing and adhering the tissue in contact, which is collected for histology. OCT image guidance during cryobiopsy can enable pre-biopsy lesion examination; however, dimensional constraints make this challenging. Here, we demonstrate a microscale 3D-printed device capable of minimally-invasive side-viewing OCT image-guided cryobiopsy though uTNE scopes. 

OCT image guidance for gastrointestinal endoscopic cryobiopsy

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Passively scanned, single‐fiber optical coherence tomography probes for gastrointestinal devices

The Use of a Multimodal Case Study To Illustrate Microbial Genetics, Metabolism, and Evolution: The Emergence of VRSA-1

OCT image guidance for gastrointestinal endoscopic cryobiopsy