A review of the empirical data on intrinsic states of odd-$A$ nuclei in the mass range $151\ensuremath{\le}A\ensuremath{\le}193$ and $A\ensuremath{\ge}221$ is presented. Global summaries of the data are presented in tables for each isotopic and isotonic chain, wherein the excitation energy, the $log\mathrm{ft}$ values, the moment-of-inertia parameter, and the decoupling parameter (for $K=\frac{1}{2}$ bands) are listed for single-particle, vibrational admixed, and pure vibrational states. Similar data are separately presented for three-quasiparticle excitations in the rare-earth region. Taking guidance from the systematics on nuclear deformation, the single-particle deformed potential for axially symmetric and reflection-symmetric shapes (the Nilsson model) modified by the hexadecapole deformation is used to interpret the data. Other variations of the Nilsson model, which include axially asymmetric shapes ($\ensuremath{\gamma}$ deformation) and especially reflection-asymmetric shapes (octupole deformation), have also been used to interpret the data in certain limited regions. Systematics for the intrinsic excitations are presented and discussed in terms of these models. The newly emerging regions of the octupole-quadrupole deformation and superdeformation are also discussed.

Intrinsic states of deformed odd-A nuclei in the mass regions (151 221)

A comprehensive review of the present understanding, both theoretical and experimental, of intrinsic and rotational level structures in medium-heavy deformed odd-odd nuclei is presented. A discussion of the various experimental methods is presented, emphasizing the need for a variety of experimental approaches. The odd-odd nuclei that are immediately amenable to fruitful additional study are pointed out. A discussion of the intrinsic level structures, Gallagher-Moszkowski (GM) splittings, Newby (N) shifts, and role of the residual p-n interaction is presented. Currently available data in the rare-earth region allow the empirical determination of 137 GM splittings and 36 N shifts for 25 odd-odd nuclei in the mass region 152{le}A{le}188. A new parametrization of the residual p-n interaction is presented which also takes into account the 27 GM splittings and 12 N shifts from the actinide region. Newly discovered features of rotational bands, such as odd-even staggering, and other high-spin phenomena, such as signature inversion and delay in bandcrossing frequency, are discussed. The role of higher-order Coriolis coupling is pointed out. Systematics of the two-quasiparticle excitations, shape coexistence, isomers, and four-quasiparticle states are presented. Calculated results of the two-quasiparticle intrinsic excitations using two methods, the intrinsic level spacings for odd-{ital A} neighboring nuclei andmore » the quasiparticle-plus-phonon coupling model, are compared with experiment. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}« less

Nuclear structure in odd-odd nuclei, 144<~A<~194

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 171☆

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 231☆

Quenched E1 transition rates in 231Th

The nuclide /sup 231/Th was investigated with the reactions /sup 230/Th(n,..gamma..) /sup 231/Th, /sup 230/Th(n,..gamma..e)/sup 231/Th, and /sup 230/Th(d,p)/sup 231/Th. Gamma rays from average resonance capture were measured, in addition to the usual thermal neutron capture spectroscopy. From these data, 70 excited levels in /sup 231/Th were identified and, of these, 57 were placed in 18 rotational bands with assigned configurations. Candidates have been proposed for all expected Nilsson states below 750 keV, albeit with varying degrees of confidence, including the (5/2)/sup +/(622), (7/2)/sup +/(624), (3/2)/sup -/(761), (1/2)/sup -/(770), (1/2)/sup +/(640), and (5/2)/sup -/(503) configurations. Several vibrational states have been identified; a special feature of these is the observation of greater fragmentation of single-particle-0/sup +/ phonon-mixed states than expected theoretically. Assuming degenerate parity doublets indicate the existence of stable octupole deformation, no evidence was found for a tendency toward this phenomenon in /sup 231/Th. The neutron binding energy was determined to be 5118.13 +- 0.20 keV.

Nuclear structure of 170Tm from neutron-capture and (d,p)-reaction measurements.

We have made experimental measurements in {sup 170}Tm of the following: secondary {gamma} rays, conversion electrons, and {gamma}-{gamma} coincidences from thermal neutron capture in {sup 169}Tm, primary {gamma} rays from average resonance capture with 2-keV and 24-keV neutron beams, and proton spectra from the ({ital d},{ital p}) reaction on {sup 169}Tm. From these data and those of previous investigations, we have identified more than 130 excited levels in {sup 170}Tm below 1550 keV. Of these, 62 (with connecting transitions) are placed in 18 rotational bands with assigned Nilsson configurations. These results are in good agreement with a semiempirical modeling of {sup 170}Tm level structure. Values for seven Gallagher-Moszkowski splittings and four Newby shifts have been obtained. These matrix elements show remarkably good agreement with calculation. Among the observed {ital K}{sup {pi}}=1{sup {minus}} and 2{sup {minus}} rotational bands, configuration mixing appears to play a significant role. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

Nuclear structure of {sup 170}Tm from neutron-capture and ({ital d},{ital p})-reaction measurements

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Nuclear structure of 170Tm from neutron-capture and (d,p)-reaction measurements.

Nuclear structure of {sup 170}Tm from neutron-capture and ({ital d},{ital p})-reaction measurements