To control the H0 atom production profile in the H− ion sources is one of the important issues for the efficient and uniform surface H− production. The purpose of this study is to construct a collisional radiative (CR) model to calculate the effective production rate of H0 atoms from H2 molecules in the model geometry of the radio-frequency (RF) H− ion source for Linac4 accelerator. In order to validate the CR model by comparison with the experimental results from the optical emission spectroscopy, it is also necessary for the model to calculate Balmer photon emission rate in the source. As a basic test of the model, the time evolutions of H0 production and the Balmer Hα photon emission rate are calculated for given electron energy distribution functions in the Linac4 RF H− ion source. Reasonable test results are obtained and basis for the detailed comparisons with experimental results have been established.

Modeling of neutrals in the Linac4 H(-) ion source plasma: hydrogen atom production density profile and Hα intensity by collisional radiative model.

CERN's superconducting proton Linac (SPL) study investigates a 50 Hz high-energy, high-power Linac for H(-) ions. The SPL plasma generator is an evolution of the DESY ion source plasma generator currently operated at CERN's Linac4 test stand. The plasma generator is a step towards a particle source for the SPL, it is designed to handle 100 kW peak RF-power at a 6% duty factor. While the acquisition of an integrated hydrogen plasma optical spectrum is straightforward, the measurement of a time-resolved spectrum requires dedicated amplification schemes. The experimental setup for visible light based on photomultipliers and narrow bandwidth filters and the UV spectrometer setup are described. The H(α), H(β), and H(γ) Balmer line intensities, the Lyman band and alpha transition were measured. A parametric study of the optical emission from the Linac4 ion source and the SPL plasma generator as a function of RF-power and gas pressure is presented. The potential of optical emission spectrometry coupled to RF-power coupling measurements for on-line monitoring of short RF heated hydrogen plasma pulses is discussed.

Optical emission spectroscopy of the Linac4 and superconducting proton Linac plasma generators

At CERN, a non caesiated H− ion volume source derived from the DESY ion source is being commissioned. For a proposed High Power Superconducting Proton Linac (HP‐SPL), a non caesiated plasma generator was designed to operate at the two orders of magnitude larger duty factor required by the SPL. The commissioning of the plasma generator test stand and the plasma generator prototype are completed and briefly described. The 2 MHz RF generators (100 kW, 50 Hz repetition rate) was successfully commissioned; its frequency and power will be controlled by arbitrary function generators during the 1 ms plasma pulse. In order to characterize the plasma, RF‐coupling, optical spectrometer, rest gas analyzer and Langmuir probe measurements will be used. Optical spectrometry allows direct comparison with the currently commissioned Linac4 H− ion source plasma. The first measurements of the optical emission of the Linac4 ion source and of the SPL plasma generator plasmas are presented.

Measurement of optical emission from the hydrogen plasma of the Linac4 ion source and the SPL plasma generator

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Measurement of optical emission from the hydrogen plasma of the Linac4 ion source and the SPL plasma generator