Considerable uncertainties remain about magnitude and character, if not general direction of anthropogenic climate change. Global mean temperature could increase by 1.5–4.5°C or more over historic levels, and extreme weather events—drought, storms, and flooding—are likely to increase greatly in frequency. Although ecologists and foresters agree that the practice of forestry will be transformed under climate change, these uncertainties compound the challenge of achieving sustainable, adaptive forest management. In this aritcle, we (i) present a multidisciplinary synthesis of current knowledge of responses of temperate and boreal tree species and forest communities to climate change, and (ii) outline silvicultural strategies for adapting temperate and boreal forests to confront climate change. Our knowledge synthesis proceeds through critical appraisals of efforts to model future tree distributions and responses to climate change, and reviews physiological, phenological, acclimation, and epigenetic response...

/pdf/can-boreal-and-temperate-forest-management-be-adapted-to-the-1gmrd7e458.pdf

Can Boreal and Temperate Forest Management be Adapted to the Uncertainties of 21st Century Climate Change

Seedling density, tree density and basal area of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst) were monitored and compared in the timberline areas of northern Finland during the period 1983-99. Rows of 9-12 circular plots were established at 13 localities in four regions: pine-dominated northern and southern regions and spruce-dominated western and eastern regions. Temporal changes were monitored in three altitudinal zones: in the forest, at the coniferous timberline (where forest canopy closure ceases), and at the tree line (where coniferous trees higher than 2 m cease). Pine seedling densities decreased abruptly in the southern region, especially at the timberline, but increased slightly in the northern region. The zone "region" change interaction was significant. The change in spruce seedling densities was small in the forest and timberline zones, but the densities more than doubled at the tree line. Tree density and basal area increased in all the zones and regions. New regeneration and tree establishment during the study period indicate a potential for the tree line to advance. However, there was great heterogeneity in regeneration and seedling establishment among the localities.

/pdf/potential-for-timberline-advance-in-northern-finland-as-2aa0syxxi6.pdf

Potential for Timberline Advance in Northern Finland, as Revealed by Monitoring during 1983-99

To investigate the genetic variation of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in ecophysiological responses to [CO2] elevation, 1-year-old seedlings of four provenances (three families per provenance) from northwestern Ontario were exposed to three [CO2] levels in the greenhouse: ambient (360 ppm), 1.5 × ambient (540 ppm), and 2 × ambient (720 ppm). Biomass and foliage gas exchange were examined after 60 d of treatment. [CO2] elevation significantly increased the rate of net CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic water use efficiency. The stimulation was generally greater in the 540 ppm [CO2] than in 720 ppm [CO2]. The 720 ppm [CO2] resulted in a 10% photosynthetic down-regulation, but no down-regulation was detected in the 540 ppm CO2 treatment. The 540 ppm [CO2] (but not the 720 ppm) treatment significantly decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in the provenances from the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Region but not in those from the Boreal Region. The intercellular to ambient CO2 conce...

Genetic variation of Populus tremuloides in ecophysiological responses to CO2 elevation

Forest ecosite reflects the local site conditions that are meaningful to forest productivity as well as basic ecological functions. Field assessments of vegetation and soil types are often used to identify forest ecosites. However, the production of high-resolution ecosite maps for large areas from interpolating field data is difficult because of high spatial variation and associated costs and time requirements. Indices of soil moisture and nutrient regimes (i.e., SMR and SNR) introduced in this study reflect the combined effects of biogeochemical and topographic factors on forest growth. The objective of this research is to present a method for creating high-resolution forest ecosite maps based on computer-generated predictions of SMR and SNR for an area in Atlantic Canada covering about 4.3 × 106 hectares (ha) of forestland. Field data from 1,507 forest ecosystem classification plots were used to assess the accuracy of the ecosite maps produced. Using model predictions of SMR and SNR alone, ecosite maps were 61 and 59% correct in identifying 10 Acadian- and Maritime-Boreal-region ecosite types, respectively. This method provides an operational framework for the production of high-resolution maps of forest ecosites over large areas without the need for data from expensive, supplementary field surveys.

/pdf/production-of-high-resolution-forest-ecosite-maps-based-on-4kuipw5dmb.pdf

Production of high-resolution forest-ecosite maps based on model predictions of soil moisture and nutrient regimes over a large forested area

/pdf/climate-change-and-endangered-species-in-canada-a-screening-4wqw7nsflx.pdf

Climate change and endangered species in Canada: A screening level impact assessment and analysis of species at risk management and policy

Reviews literature concerning the effects of global climate change on forest plants and communities, and provides opinions on the potential impacts that climate change may have on Ontario forests. Sections of the review discuss the following: The climate of Ontario in the 21st century as predicted by climate models; forest hydrology in relation to climate change; insects and climate change; impacts on fungi in the forest ecosystem; impacts on forest fires and their management; plant physiological responses; genetic implications of climate change; forest vegetation dynamics; the use of models in global climate change studies; and forest management responses to climate change.

Impacts of climate change on Ontario`s forests. Forest research information paper number 143

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Impacts of climate change on Ontario`s forests. Forest research information paper number 143