Empirical threshold values for quantitative trait mapping.

Although motor deficits are gaining attention in autism research much less attention has been paid to the physical activity patterns in this group of children. The participants in this study were a group of children with autism spectrum disorder (N = 72) between the ages of 9-18 years. This cross-sectional study explored the physical activity patterns of seventy-two children with autism spectrum disorder as they aged. Results indicated significant differences between the mean time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity and the mean time spent in sedentary activity. Older children with autism spectrum disorder are significantly more physically inactive, compared to younger children. Physical activity programs and interventions need to address this deficit, in physical activity. Children with autism have a similar trend in physical activity patterns compared to their peers without autism; associated benefits and future research will be discussed.

/pdf/the-physical-activity-patterns-of-children-with-autism-3gm6jyfvrr.pdf

The physical activity patterns of children with autism

We investigated the relationship between meat quality and oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the breast muscle of broilers. Moreover, we explored the occurrence of apoptosis and autophagy, as well as the expression of NF-κB in these signaling pathways to provide evidence of possible oxidative damage mechanisms. The broilers received a basal diet and were randomly divided into five treatments (noninjected control, 0.75% saline-injected, and 2.5%, 5.0%, or 10.0% H2O2-injected treatments; 1.0 mL/kg in body weight). The results showed that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 had a negative effect on relative muscle weight, histomorphology, and redox status, while the underlying oxidative damage caused a decline in meat quality (decrease of pH24h, 10% H2O2 treatment; increase of shear force, 5% and 10% H2O2 treatments) of broilers. This could be attributed to the apoptosis and autophagy processes triggered by excessive reactive oxygen species that suppress the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Change in Meat Quality of the Breast Muscle of Broilers Is Mediated by ROS Generation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in the NF-κB Signal Pathway

Duck breeding in France is directed mainly towards ‘foie gras’ (duck fatty liver) production. Nowadays the roasted duck, produced from the pure Muscovy, is economically a less important industry. A...

Genetics and selection of mule ducks in France: a review

The interval mapping method is widely used for the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in segregating generations derived from crosses between inbred lines. The efficiency of detecting and the accuracy of mapping multiple QTLs by using genetic markers are much increased by employing multiple QTL models instead of the single QTL models (and no QTL models) used in interval mapping. However, the computational work involved with multiple QTL models is considerable when the number of QTLs is large. In this paper it is proposed to combine multiple linear regression methods with conventional interval mapping. This is achieved by fitting one QTL at a time in a given interval and simultaneously using (part of) the markers as cofactors to eliminate the effects of additional QTLs. It is shown that the proposed method combines the easy computation of the single QTL interval mapping method with much of the efficiency and accuracy of multiple QTL models.

Interval Mapping of Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for carcass and meat quality traits were detected in a sample of 224 progeny from four males in line VI and 12 females in line V of Beijing ducks. These lines were selected for high body weight at 42 days of age (line VI) or high egg production at 360 days of age (line V). Traits were weights of the carcass, head, neck, shanks, wings, legs, thighs, breast, heart, liver, crop, gizzard, abdominal fat (AFW) and skin fat, as well as fat thickness in the tail, and pH value, shear force, drip loss (DL) (%) and cooking loss (CL) (%) of the breast. Using a half-sib analysis with a multiple QTL model, linkage between the carcass and meat quality traits and 95 microsatellite markers was investigated. Eight genome-wide significant QTL for weight of crop, skin fat, liver, neck, shanks, wings, DL were detected on linkage groups CAU4 and CAU6. One genome-wide suggestive QTL and one chromosome-wide significant QTL for weight of breast were found on CAU1 and CAU4 respectively. Fifteen chromosome-wide suggestive QTL influencing weight of AFW, breast, crop, heart, carcass, thighs, liver, shanks, gizzard, fat thickness in tail, DL (%) and CL (%) were mapped on CAU2, CAU4, CAU5, CAU6, CAU7, CAU10 and CAU13. In addition, two linked QTL for weight of liver and DL (%) were located on CAU2 and CAU7 respectively. The detection of QTL in ducks is a step towards identification of genes influencing these traits and their use for genetic improvement in this species.

Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting carcass and meat quality traits in Beijing ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).

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Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting carcass and meat quality traits in Beijing ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).