Publisher Summary This chapter describes the mixed mode cracking in layered materials. There is ample experimental evidence that cracks in brittle, isotropic, homogeneous materials propagate such that pure mode I conditions are maintained at the crack tip. An unloaded crack subsequently subject to a combination of modes I and II will initiate growth by kinking in such a direction that the advancing tip is in mode I. The chapter also elaborates some of the basic results on the characterization of crack tip fields and on the specification of interface toughness. The competition between crack advance within the interface and kinking out of the interface depends on the relative toughness of the interface to that of the adjoining material. The interface stress intensity factors play precisely the same role as their counterparts in elastic fracture mechanics for homogeneous, isotropic solids. When an interface between a bimaterial system is actually a very thin layer of a third phase, the details of the cracking morphology in the thin interface layer can also play a role in determining the mixed mode toughness. The elasticity solutions for cracks in multilayers are also elaborated.

Mixed mode cracking in layered materials

A review of experimental data and elementary theoretical formulas for compressive failure of polymer matrix fibre composites indicates that the dominant failure mode is by plastic kinking. Initial local fibre misalignment plays a central role in the plastic kinking process. Theoretical analyses and numerical results for compressive kinking are presented, encompassing effects of strain-hardening, kink inclination, and applied shear stress. The assumption of rigid fibres is assessed critically, and the legitimacy of its use for polymer matrix composites is established.

http://www-mech.eng.cam.ac.uk/profiles/fleck/papers/38.pdf

Compressive failure of fibre composites

This article attempts to review the progress achieved in the understanding of scaling and size ef­ fect in the failure of structures. Particular emphasis is placed on quasi brittle materials for which the size etTect is important and complicated. After reflections on the long history of size effect studies, attention is focused on three main types of size effects, namely the statistical size effect due to randomness of strength, the energy release size effect, and the possible size effect due to fractality of fracture or microcracks. Definitive conclusions on the applicability of these theories are drawn. Subsequently, the article discusses the application of the known size effect law for the measurement of material fracture properties, and the modeling of the size effect by the cohesive crack model, non local finite element models and discrete element models. Extensions to com­ pression failure and to the rate-dependent material behavior are also outlined. The damage con­ stitutive law needed for describing a microcracked material in the fracture process zone is dis­ cussed. Various applications to quasibrittle materials, including concrete, sea ice, fiber compos­ ites, rocks and ceramics are presented. There are 377 references included in this article.

/pdf/scaling-of-structural-failure-2e1poilpdy.pdf

Scaling of Structural Failure

Compressive Failure of Fiber Composites

Prospects for revolutionary design of future power generation systems are contingent on the development of durable high-performance ceramic composites. With recent discoveries in materials and manufacturing concepts, composites with all-oxide constituents have emerged as leading candidates, especially for components requiring a long service life in oxidizing environments. Their insertion into engineering systems is imminent. The intent of this article is to present a synopsis of the current understanding of oxide composites as well as to identify outstanding issues that require resolution for successful implementation. Emphasis is directed toward material systems and microstructural concepts that lead to high toughness and long-term durability. These include: the emergence of La monazite and related compounds as fiber-coating materials, the introduction of the porous-matrix concept as an alternative to fiber coatings, and novel strategies for enabling damage tolerance while retaining long-term morphological stability. Additionally, materials and mechanics models that provide insights into material design, morphology evolution, and composite properties are reviewed.

Developments in Oxide Fiber Composites

The role of material orthotropy in fracture specimens for composites

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The role of material orthotropy in fracture specimens for composites