Agrochemical research over the last two decades has resulted in the discovery of chemically novel insecticides that mimic the action of the two insect growth and developmental hormones, the steroidal 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH). Bisacylhydrazines are non-steroidal agonists of 20E and exhibit their insecticidal activity via interaction with the ecdysteroid receptor proteins. Interestingly, two of the bisacylhydrazine (tebufenozide and RH-2485) insecticides are very selectively toxic to lepidopteran pests. These insecticides are safe to beneficial insects and have a benign ecotoxicological profile. Aromatic non-terpenoidal insecticides (fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen) mimic the action of JHs. However, like the JHs, their exact mode of action is not well understood. These insecticides are toxic to a broad spectrum of insects during their embryonic, last larval, or reproductive stages. The insecticidal, ecotoxicological properties and the mode of action of the two groups of insecticides are reviewed in this article.

New insecticides with ecdysteroidal and juvenile hormone activity.

Biochemical changes in haemolymph of silkworm larvae due to pyriproxyfen residue

Effects of the non-steroidal ecdysone mimic, RH-5849, on diapause and non-diapause larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn

The effect of insect growth regulator (pyriproxyfen) on immature stages (eggs and nymphs) of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), which is of great importance in wheat and barley fields as nymphal and adult stages, was determined. When one day old eggs were treated with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm, the egg hatchability were 96.90, 92.38, 98.4, 93.21 and 55.23 %, respectively. Similar results obtained when 3 day-old eggs were treated. However, when 5 day-old eggs were treated, no significant differences in egg hatchability between treatments observed (F = 1.51, P > 0.01). Adult weight was significantly influenced by treatment of nymphal instars. Treatments of first nymphal instars caused significant differences in adult weight between control and treatments (F = 25.63, P 0.1). Adult emergence, sex ratio, nymphal survival rate and adults abnormalities were also affected by pyriproxyfen treatments of nymphs.

/pdf/effects-of-the-insect-growth-regulator-pyriproxyfen-on-3fwbhixzln.pdf

Effects of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen on immature stages of sunn pest, eurygaster integriceps puton (heteroptera: scutelleridae)

Blatta germanica is the more prevalent cockroach species in Algeria. In the present study, we tested the effect on reproduction in B. germanica of two insect growth regulators, RH-0345, a benzoylhydrazine analogue that mimics the action of 20-hydroxyecdysone, and methoprene, one of the most commercially important juvenile hormone analogues, and a novel carbamate insecticide, benfuracarb. The compounds were applied topically (10 and 20 microg/insect for RH-0345, and 1 and 10 microg/insect for methoprene) or orally administrated (at 2% for benfuracarb) on newly emerged females and evaluated on reproductive events during the adult life (2, 4 and 6 days). Treatment with RH-0345 and benfuracarb reduced significantly the number of oocytes, the size and the volume of the basal oocyte during the experimental period. Methoprene distorted the ovarian development since it caused a significant reduction in the number of oocytes at 2, 4 and 6 days for the two tested doses, and an increase in oocyte size at 2, 4 and 6 days with 1 microg and a decrease with 10 microg. In a second series of experiments, the effects of these compounds were assayed on the ovarian proteins. Data from biochemical analysis revealed that RH-0345 and benfuracarb reduced the ovarian amounts of proteins, while treatment with methoprene increased it during the sexual maturation.

Reproductive effects in German cockroaches by ecdysteroid agonist RH-0345, juvenile hormone analogue methoprene and carbamate benfuracarb.

The effect of a juvenile hormone mimetic, fenoxycarb, Ro 13-5223, was tested on the larval instars of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, by dipping or topical application. When larvae were treated in instars 2, 3 or 4, the duration of the fifth instar was modified. More permanent and fewer supernumerary larvae were obtained when treatment occurred in the early instars. This non-neurotoxic compound exhibited a strong dose-dependent juvenile hormone type of activity when it was applied to last instar larvae. Fenoxycarb prevented the onset of pupation and produced supernumerary larvae and intermediates. Permanent larvae were obtained if fenoxycarb was applied on day 0 or day 1 of the last instar. The use of such a JH mimetic in the understanding of endocrine control of diapause is discussed.

Effects of a juvenile hormone mimetic, fenoxycarb, on post-embryonic development of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.

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Effects of a juvenile hormone mimetic, fenoxycarb, on post-embryonic development of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.