http://fs.teledos.gr:2206/%3ERESEARCH%20PUBLICATIONS/CHEMICAL%20ENGINEERING/Reactor/A%20trickle-bed%20reactor%20model%20for%20hydrogenation%20of%202,4%20dinitrotoluene%20Experimental%20verification.pdf

A trickle-bed reactor model for hydrogenation of 2,4 dinitrotoluene: experimental verification

A model is developed for predicting the performance of a partially wetted trickle-bed reactor for a gas-limiting reaction of order less than or equal to one. The model indicates that under certain conditions the liquid reactant may affect the reaction rate due to its inability to rapidly diffuse to catalyst areas that are in direct contact with the gas. This model is the first to explain and predict on a rational basis the experimental results for the hydrogenation of diluted a-methylstyrene and aqueous maleic acid reported in the literature. A criterion that determines when liquid reactant effects can be expected is developed and reported.

Trickle-bed reactors: Liquid diffusional effects in a gas-limited reaction

A single-pellet reactor has been used to investigate the impact of partial external wetting on catalyst performance in a multiphase reaction system. The novel design simulates the local environment within a trickle-bed reactor, and permits the direct measurement of the degree of wetting under reaction conditions. Experimental data of the hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene (AMS) over a Pd/Al2O3 pellet provide unequivocal evidence of effectiveness enhancement by partial wetting, a predicted single-pellet phenomenon (e.g., Harold and Ng, 1987; Funk et al., 1988, 1989). The overall reaction rate is an increasing (decreasing) function of the degree of wetting if the overall limiting reactant is more effectively supplied through the wetted (nonwetted) part of the surface. A maximum in the reaction rate can occur at an intermediate degree of wetting, signaling a transition from an overall AMS-limited to hydrogen-limited reaction. The dependence of the degree of wetting on the liquid flow rate for low reaction rates is consistent with a simple rivulet flow model. At higher reaction rates the degree of wetting decreases, with all other conditions fixed. Possible mechanisms for this interesting link between the degree of wetting and reaction are discussed.

Experimental study of reaction in a partially wetted catalytic pellet

External wetting efficiencies were determined in a trickle-bed reactor by employing conversion data from the hydrogenation of the anthracene contained in an anthracene oil. Reactions were carried out at 573 K and 9.8 MPa on a sulfided Ni-Mo/{gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst. The results were compared with the total wetted area determined from the correlations based on the tracer method and developed by other authors. The discrepancy between both sets of data was attributed to the existence of a certain surface wetted by stagnant fluid whose fraction, f{sub s}, was estimated from the comparison between tracer and reaction data. The correlations of Ring and Missen (1991) and Al-Dahhan and Dudukovic (1995), developed for high pressure trickle-beds, were employed to estimate f{sub s}. A geometrical model has been employed to relate the static holdup with the fraction of surface covered by stagnant liquid which yielded an estimation of the mean distance between particles. The product of effectiveness factor and intrinsic rate constant were obtained for liquid- and gas-covered surfaces. Individual and overall effectiveness factors were estimated from a liquid phase intrinsic kinetic constant obtained in a previous work, showing that reaction tool place preferably on the wetted surface.

Determination of Wetting Efficiency in Trickle-Bed Reactors by a Reaction Method

Modeling and comparison of acetophenone hydrogenation in trickle-bed and slurry airlift reactors

Effectiveness factors of nth order kinetics in trickle-bed reactors

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Effectiveness factors of nth order kinetics in trickle-bed reactors