Protein phosphorylation and regulation of adaptive responses in bacteria.

Nitrogen control in bacteria.

The HD domain defines a new superfamily of metal-dependent phosphohydrolases

We present a comprehensive overview of the hierarchical network of intracellular processes revolving around central nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli The hierarchy intertwines transport, metabolism, signaling leading to posttranslational modification, and transcription The protein components of the network include an ammonium transporter (AmtB), a glutamine transporter (GlnHPQ), two ammonium assimilation pathways (glutamine synthetase [GS]-glutamate synthase [glutamine 2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase {GOGAT}] and glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH]), the two bifunctional enzymes adenylyl transferase/adenylyl-removing enzyme (ATase) and uridylyl transferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (UTase), the two trimeric signal transduction proteins (GlnB and GlnK), the two-component regulatory system composed of the histidine protein kinase nitrogen regulator II (NRII) and the response nitrogen regulator I (NRI), three global transcriptional regulators called nitrogen assimilation control (Nac) protein, leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp), and cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (Crp), the glutaminases, and the nitrogen-phosphotransferase system First, the structural and molecular knowledge on these proteins is reviewed Thereafter, the activities of the components as they engage together in transport, metabolism, signal transduction, and transcription and their regulation are discussed Next, old and new molecular data and physiological data are put into a common perspective on integral cellular functioning, especially with the aim of resolving counterintuitive or paradoxical processes featured in nitrogen assimilation Finally, we articulate what still remains to be discovered and what general lessons can be learned from the vast amounts of data that are available now

Nitrogen Assimilation in Escherichia coli: Putting Molecular Data into a Systems Perspective

The Escherichia coli PII Signal Transduction Protein Is Activated upon Binding 2-Ketoglutarate and ATP

http://www.jbc.org/content/258/4/2246.full.pdf

Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Purification and properties of PII uridylyltransferase and uridylyl-removing enzyme.

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Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Purification and properties of PII uridylyltransferase and uridylyl-removing enzyme.