In vitro calcium phosphate formation on a natural composite material, bamboo

The polycarbyne polymer films were coated on silicon substrates and then irradiated by a pulsed Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser (λ=532 nm) with various fluences in argon gas atmosphere. Significant changes in microstructures and chemical bonding (sp3/sp2) during laser treatment were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. At a laser fluence below 50 mJ/cm2, the Raman spectrum of the film was similar to that of the original polymer film. In a fluence range from 100 to 650 mJ/cm2, the thermal decomposition of the polymer occurred, resulting in upshift of G peak and downshift of the D peak both with narrower peak width. With increasing laser fluence from 650 to 950 mJ/cm2, both the G and D peaks downshifted simultaneously due to the thermal decomposition. The simultaneous downshift of both peaks indicated the increased sp3/sp2 ratio in the carbon film converted from the polymer. With increasing laser fluence in this range, the thermal decomposition also induced the narrowing of both peaks. The narrowing of both...

Raman spectroscopy of phenylcarbyne polymer films under pulsed green laser irradiation

A three-dimensional carbon/carbon composite (3D C/C) was studied as potential bone-repairing material; its major mechanical properties were found to be closer to those of human bone than other common bone-repairing materials available. In vitro calcification tests revealed that as-received 3D C/C is almost bioinert in simulated body fluid (SBF) over an immersion period of 4 weeks. To improve the bioactivity of 3D C/C, surface modification was accomplished through two practical routes: (1) grafting with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and (2) phosphorylation and precalcification. After grafting with alpha, omega di(aminopropyl) polyethylene glycol 800 (NH2-PEG-NH2), a continuous layer of calcium phosphate was formed on the surface of 3D C/C in SBF after 4 weeks. Phosphorylated 3D C/C samples have the ability to induce apatite precipitation after precalcification in a saturated Ca(OH)(2) solution for 1 week. To speed up the coating process, a calcification solution with collagen was developed in which a collagen/apatite coating layer can be formed on 3D C/C in 9 h in ambient conditions. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Collagen/apatite coating on 3-dimensional carbon/carbon composite

Laser desorption–ionization time of flight mass spectrometry of various carbon materials

We report infrared, ultra-short (780 nm, 120 fs) laser ablation of graphite in high vacuum. The plume characteristics are analyzed by wavelength-, time-, and spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy. A multi-component structure of the plume is observed as a function of time, space, and laser fluence: (i) line emission from electronically excited carbon neutrals and ions; (ii) luminescence from excited C3 radicals; (iii) broadband visible radiation, ascribed to black-body-like emission from larger carbon clusters. The analysis of the graphite plume optical emission indicates the existence of two different ablation regimes, with the emission of large graphite fragments at low fluences and carbon radicals and atoms at larger fluences, in agreement with the theoretical description of ultra-fast ablation of graphite.

Infrared femtosecond laser ablation of graphite in high vacuum probed by optical emission spectroscopy

Production and characterisation of amorphic diamond films produced by pulsed laser ablation of graphite

Investigation of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films produced by ArF (193 nm) laser ablation of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Excimer laser radiation (XeCl, λ = 308 nm and ArF, λ = 193 nm) has been used both to cut chemical vapour-deposited diamond-coated tungsten wires (diamond fibres) of diameter ≤200 μm and to smooth and profile the diamond surface. The effects of ablation and localized heating in the focal volume on the diamond and the tungsten core are described, and compared with results obtained for a Nd:YAG laser. The laser fluence and/or intensity, beam homogeneity and angle of incidence were identified as key parameters in ultraviolet laser-induced ablation of diamond-coated wires and fibres. Surface smoothing may lead to increase fibre strength.

Excimer laser processing of chemical vapour-deposited diamond fibres

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Production and characterisation of amorphic diamond films produced by pulsed laser ablation of graphite

Investigation of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films produced by ArF (193 nm) laser ablation of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Excimer laser processing of chemical vapour-deposited diamond fibres