Publisher Summary This chapter reviews that symmetry considerations of protein-nucleic acid interaction suggest the existence of an alternate branched configuration for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) induced by binding specific structural proteins to symmetrically arranged polynucleotide base sequences. The concept that such sequences exist at the ends of genes or operons leads to a molecular theory interrelating genetic recombination, DNA replication, and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcription. The chapter also discusses that the theory accounts for a large amount of data in these areas and makes a wide range of testable predictions. It's most fundamental prediction, such as the presence of symmetrically arranged nucleotide base sequences at the ends of genes or operons can be tested in the near future.

Symmetry in protein-nucleic acid interaction and its genetic implications.

Introduction . . . . . . . . Prokaryotic organisms . . . . . . ( I ) Introduction . . . . . . . ( 2 ) Escherichia coli. . . . . . . (a) Recombination with F-prime factors . . (b) Recombination following conjugation . (c) Recombination induced by ultraviolet light. ( d ) Recombination-deficient mutants . . (e) Recombination and polypeptide termination (3) Phages h and 480 of Escherichia coli . . (a ) Normal strains . . . . . . ( b ) Recombination-deficient mutants . . (4) Phage T I of Escherichia coli . . . . (5) Phages T z and T4 of Escherichia coli . . (6) niplococcuspneumoniae . . . . . (7) Haemophilusitlfluenzae . . . . . ( 8 ) Bacillus subtilis. . . . . . . (9) Summary of prokaryotic recombination systems

The mechanism of genetic recombination.

1

The conjugational synthesis of DNA takes place equally in the donor and in the recipient cell




2

The thermosensitive mutation T266 prohibits vegetative DNA replication but has no injluence on conjugational DNA synthesis




3

The thermosensitive mutation T43 prohibits vegetative DNA replication and affects the conjugational DNA synthesis in the recipient cell only

On the mechanism of conjugation in Escherichia coli K 12.

Penicillium marneffei, the pathogenic thermal dimorphic fungus is a causative agent of a fatal systemic disease, penicilliosis marneffei, in immunocompromised patients especially HIV patients. For growth and survival, this fungus has to adapt to environmental stresses outside and inside host cells and this adaptation requires stress signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression under various kinds of stresses. In this report, P. marneffei activating transcription factor (atfA) gene encoding bZip-type transcription factor was characterized. To determine functions of this gene, atfA isogenic mutant strain was constructed using the modified split marker recombination method. The phenotypes and susceptibility to varieties of stresses including osmotic, oxidative, heat, UV, cell wall and cell membrane stresses of the mutant strain were compared with the wild type and the atfA complemented strains. Results demonstrated that the mRNA expression level of P. marneffei atfA gene increased under heat stress at 42°C. The atfA mutant was more sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulphate, amphotericin B and tert-butyl hydroperoxide than the wild type and complemented strains but not hydrogen peroxide, menadione, NaCl, sorbitol, calcofluor white, itraconazole, UV stresses and heat stress at 39°C. In addition, recovery of atfA mutant conidia after mouse and human macrophage infections was significantly decreased compared to those of wild type and complemented strains. These results indicated that the atfA gene was required by P. marneffei under specific stress conditions and might be necessary for fighting against host immune cells during the initiation of infection.

/pdf/functional-analysis-of-atfa-gene-to-stress-response-in-oztug5mkhx.pdf

Functional Analysis of atfA Gene to Stress Response in Pathogenic Thermal Dimorphic Fungus Penicillium marneffei

Integration of donor DNA in bacterial conjugation.

https://www.genetics.org/content/genetics/56/1/117.full.pdf

Mechanism of genetic recombination during bacterial conjugation of Escherichia coli K-12. II. Incorporation of the donor DNA fragment into the recombinant chromosome.

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Mechanism of genetic recombination during bacterial conjugation of Escherichia coli K-12. II. Incorporation of the donor DNA fragment into the recombinant chromosome.