Hereditary hemochromatosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(10)01320-X/pdf

The Spectrum of Achalasia: Lessons From Studies of Pathophysiology and High-Resolution Manometry

https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(15)01114-3/pdf

Current and Future Burden of Chronic Nonmalignant Liver Disease

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(15)00935-X/pdf

Genetics, Genetic Testing, and Management of Hemochromatosis: 15 Years Since Hepcidin

HFE gene: Structure, function, mutations, and associated iron abnormalities.

The mutation responsible for most cases of genetic haemochromatosis in Europe (HFE C282Y) appears to have been originated as a unique event on a chromosome carrying HLA-A3 and -B7. It is often described as a “Celtic mutation”—originating in a Celtic population in central Europe and spreading west and north by population movement. It has also been suggested that Viking migrations were largely responsible for the distribution of this mutation. Two, initial estimates of the age of the mutation are compatible with either of these suggestions. Here we examine the evidence about HFE C282Y frequencies, extended haplotypes involving HLA-A and -B alleles, the validity of calculations of mutation age, selective advantage and current views on the relative importance of “demic-diffusion” (population migration) and “adoption-diffusion” (cultural change) in the neolithic transition in Europe and since then. We conclude that the HFE C282Y mutation occurred in mainland Europe before 4,000 BC.

The origin and spread of the HFE-C282Y haemochromatosis mutation.

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The origin and spread of the HFE-C282Y haemochromatosis mutation.